Supplementary data

This dataset contains the source data for figures presented in the manuscript entitled "Carbon isotope perturbations are not primarily driven by volcanism during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age." The data include:(1) high-resolution organic carbon isotope (δ¹³C_org) and n-alkane carbon isotope (δ¹³C_n-alkane) records;(2) total mercury (Hg) concentrations, total organic carbon (TOC) contents, and related geochemical ratios (e.g., Hg/TOC);(3) zircon U-Pb geochronological data from volcanic ash layers. All data were obtained from the Huainan stratigraphic section on the North China Craton. These datasets were used to evaluate the relationship between Late Paleozoic carbon cycle perturbations and potential volcanic activity. The carbon and mercury records span the late Gzhelian to early Kungurian stages, while the zircon ages constrain key stratigraphic boundaries and geochemical excursions. Each sheet in the Excel file corresponds to data used for a specific figure in the manuscript. This dataset is provided to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and to support future research.