Economic Census - Agricultural Activities, 2013-2014 - Sri Lanka

Abstract
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Department of Census and Statistics conducted the Economic Census (EC) which is nationally significant based on year 2013/14 for the first time in Sri Lanka. The Economic Census - Agricultural Activities (EC-AA) is a combination of Census of Industries and the Census of Agriculture held subsequently to the Census of Population and Housing. During the enumeration of main sectors of the economy such as Agriculture, Industries, Trade and services, data collection from the Agricultural sector was performed separately by using multiple questionnaires. Therefore, Economic census consists of 2 sections namely as, Enumeration of agricultural activities and Enumeration of industry, trade and services.

The Economic Census – Agricultural Activities 2013/14 was carried out primarily to meet the national needs whilst at the same time confirming to the requirements of the 2010 series world Census of Agriculture Program of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.

The main objectives were;

i. To collect basic data on structure of agriculture needed for the formulation and implementation of agricultural development projects.

ii. To establish benchmark data against which the progress of agricultural projects can be evaluated.

iii. To provide basic frames of households, agricultural households and holding for conducting future surveys in the field of agriculture.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Households

Universe
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The statistical unit was the agricultural holding, which consists of all land and/or livestock used wholly or partly for agricultural production, which is operated under one operational status, regardless of land ownership or type of tenure; the land can consist of one or more parcels, which can be located in one Divisional Secretary's Division or can be spread across various Divisional Secretary's Divisions.
The statistical units covered by the census were distributed according to the following two sectors: (i) the "estate" or large holding sector; and (ii) the small holding sector (SHS). An agricultural holding with the same tenure having at least 20 acres (8.09 ha) of land is considered an "estate". SHS holdings were classified into two groups, namely:

· "marginal holdings" - holdings operating less than or equal to 40 perches (0.10 ha), having some form of cultivation, rearing livestock or aquaculture, and the production of which is mainly for home consumption; and
· "economically viable holdings" - holdings operating more than 40 perches (0.10 ha) or producing agricultural output, mainly for marketing. From this category, information was collected through the Small Holding 2 Form (SH-2).

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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The EC-AA was conducted in two stages:

· Stage 1: listing of estates (conducted in 2013, form El)

· Stage 2: this included the following activities and was undertaken in the third quarter of 2014: (i) data collection from estates (form E2);

(ii) listing of small holdings (using SH1);
(iii) data collection from small holdings (using SH2).

As part of the EC-AA 2013/2014 programme, a community survey and a survey on household food security were carried out. The information provided by the Population and Housing Census 2011 was used as a basis to identify small agricultural holdings. A complete enumeration was carried out to list all small holdings (using the listing form SH1 for each "census block" of a Grama Niladhari, or GN). To elaborate the list for the estates, a separate listing activity was carried out by GN (using Form El for each census block of a GN). Complete enumeration was applied to collect the data from the agricultural holdings (using census questionnaires E2 and SH2; see the "Questionnaires" subsection below). Sampling was applied for the food security survey.

Two-stage stratified sampling was used to collect data for the food security survey. The sample size was 28 000 households (or 1.2 percent of the total number of households).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire of the Economic Census - Agricultural Activities 2013/14 questionnaire on household food security collected information on:

Section 1: Availability of food
Section 2: Household food insecurity access
Section 3: Strategies to overcome food shortage
Section 4: Further expectations relating to food
Section 5: Keeping basic foodstock
Section 6: Home gardening
Section 7: Shocks and hazards

The questionnaire is available as additional material in the documentation tab.

Cleaning operations
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Data Processing

Data processing activities of the Census was carried out in two phases. In order to disseminate an important data needed by users, based on summary sheets that were prepared by Enumerators were processed in the first phase just after the census proper. In this stage the DCS had designed relevant tabulation programs and centralized the activities in the Head Office. This includes data entry activities and tabulation of the summary sheets. One officer from Agriculture and Environmental Statistics Division was appointed in each district and was trained for data entry work and tabulations. This procedure was completed by early part of the year 2015 and the preliminary report was published in the means of hard copies and electronic media by including the Departmental Website. Then the next phase was data capturing and processing of nearly 2.3 million main schedules (SH 2) in the Small Holding Sector and also information collected through E 2 pertaining to 7,447 Estates. The questionnaires related to Estates were scanned, edited, coded and then tabulated with the assistance of ICT division and by the staff of the Agriculture and Environmental Statistics Division of DCS. The questionnaire SH 2 related to the Small Holding Sector was designed with a view to data capture through the means of optical card reader (scanner). At that time DCS was in possession of “Avision AV320D2+” scanners with single user form processing software. This scanner's duty cycle was rated 9,600 pages per day. A team of error editors had deployed for editing of SH2, and to perform some validity checks manually after the data capturing process.

Data appraisal
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The census questionnaires were scanned and then the census data processed and tabulated by the staff of the Agriculture and Environmental Statistics Division of the DCS, with the assistance of the Information and Communication Technology Division. A pre-test and a pilot census were conducted to test all census tools.

摘要
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国家统计局首次在斯里兰卡根据2013/14年度开展了具有国家重要性的经济普查（EC）。经济普查——农业活动（EC-AA）是人口和住房普查之后的工业普查和农业普查的结合。在列举经济的主要部门，如农业、工业、贸易和服务时，对农业部门的数据收集是单独进行的，使用了多种问卷。因此，经济普查包含两个部分，即农业活动列举和工业、贸易及服务列举。

2013/14年度的经济普查——农业活动主要为了满足国家需求，同时符合联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）2010系列世界农业普查计划的要求。

主要目标包括：

i. 收集农业结构的基本数据，这些数据对于制定和实施农业发展项目至关重要。

ii. 建立基准数据，以便对农业项目的进展进行评估。

iii. 为未来农业领域的调查提供基本的家庭、农业家庭和持有框架。

地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖

分析单位
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家庭

总体
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统计单元是农业持有，它包括所有完全或部分用于农业生产的土地和/或牲畜，无论土地所有权或使用权类型，均在一个运营状态下运营；土地可以由一个或多个地块组成，这些地块可以位于一个区秘书的辖区或跨越多个区秘书的辖区。

普查中覆盖的统计单元根据以下两个部门进行分布：（i）"种植园"或大型持有部门；（ii）小型持有部门（SHS）。拥有相同使用权且至少有20英亩（8.09公顷）土地的农业持有被视为“种植园”。SHS持有被分为两组，即：

· “边际持有”——运营面积不超过40英亩（0.10公顷），具有某种形式的耕种、饲养牲畜或水产养殖，其主要产品用于家庭消费；
· “经济可行持有”——运营面积超过40英亩（0.10公顷）或生产主要用于市场销售的农业产品。从这一类别中，通过小型持有2号表（SH-2）收集信息。

数据类型
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普查/列举数据 [cen]

抽样程序
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EC-AA在两个阶段进行：

· 第一阶段：种植园列举（2013年进行，表格E1）

· 第二阶段：包括以下活动，并在2014年第三季度进行：（i）从种植园收集数据（表格E2）；

（ii）列举小型持有（使用SH1）；
（iii）从小型持有收集数据（使用SH2）。

作为2013/2014年度EC-AA计划的一部分，进行了社区调查和家庭粮食安全调查。使用2011年人口和住房普查提供的信息作为识别小型农业持有的基础。对所有小型持有进行了全面普查（使用每个格拉马尼拉达里（GN）的“普查区块”的列举表SH1）。为了详细列举种植园，GN进行了单独的列举活动（使用每个GN普查区块的表格E1）。对农业持有进行了全面普查，以收集数据（使用普查问卷E2和SH2；见下文“问卷”部分）。对粮食安全调查应用了抽样。

为了收集粮食安全调查的数据，使用了两阶段分层抽样。样本量为28,000户家庭（或占总家庭数的1.2%）。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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2013/14年度经济普查——农业活动问卷收集了关于家庭粮食安全的信息：

第1节：食物可获得性
第2节：家庭粮食不安全获取
第3节：应对粮食短缺的策略
第4节：关于食物的进一步期望
第5节：储存基本粮食储备
第6节：家庭园艺
第7节：冲击和灾害

问卷作为附加材料可在文档标签中找到。

数据清理操作
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数据处理

普查的数据处理活动分为两个阶段。为了传播用户所需的重要数据，根据统计员准备的汇总表，在普查正式进行后的第一阶段进行了处理。在这一阶段，国家统计局设计相关的制表程序，并在总部集中了活动。这包括数据录入活动和汇总表的制表。每个区都任命了一名来自农业和环境统计部门的官员，并对其进行了数据录入和制表工作的培训。此程序在2015年初完成，并通过印刷版和电子媒体发布了初步报告，包括部门网站。然后，下一阶段是收集约230万份主要日程（SH 2）的数据，这些数据来自小型持有部门，以及通过E 2收集的关于7,447个种植园的信息。与种植园相关的问卷被扫描、编辑、编码，并在国家统计局的农业和环境统计部门的协助下，由信息通信技术部门的员工进行制表。与小型持有部门相关的SH 2问卷是为了通过光学卡读卡器（扫描仪）的方式收集数据而设计的。当时国家统计局拥有“Avision AV320D2+”扫描仪，单用户表格处理软件。该扫描仪的日工作量额定为9,600页。部署了一个错误编辑团队来编辑SH2，并在数据捕获过程之后进行一些手动有效性检查。

数据评估
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普查问卷被扫描，然后由国家统计局的农业和环境统计部门的员工，在信息通信技术部门的协助下进行处理和制表。进行了预测试和试点普查，以测试所有普查工具。