Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis following mild Sars-CoV infections: a systematic review

Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis (DM), also called anti-MDA5+ syndrome, or clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM), is characterized by extra-muscular DM manifestations such as skin rash, arthralgia, and rapid progressive-interstitial lung disease. Between 2020 and 2024, an increase in serum titer of anti-MDA5 autoantibodies (AABs) and MDA5+ DM cases was registered among the general population. Given the role of MDA5 as a viral-RNA sensor, it is considered a key molecule in rheumatological disorders, as studies show its activity is triggered by viral infection. Here, we conducted a systematic review of studies reporting an unambiguous temporal link between SARS-CoV-2 infections and development of MDA5+ DM. The aim was to clarify our understanding of this idiopathic rheumatic nature.

抗黑色素瘤分化相关基因5皮肌炎（Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis, DM），又称抗MDA5阳性综合征或临床无肌病性皮肌炎（clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis, CADM），以皮疹、关节痛、快速进展性间质性肺疾病等肌外皮肌炎表现为主要临床特征。2020年至2024年间，普通人群中抗MDA5自身抗体（anti-MDA5 autoantibodies, AABs）的血清滴度及MDA5阳性DM病例数均呈上升态势。鉴于MDA5作为病毒RNA感受器的功能，其活性可由病毒感染触发，因此该分子被认为是风湿性疾病中的关键调控分子。本研究对报道了新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）感染与MDA5阳性DM发病间存在明确时间关联的相关研究进行了系统综述，旨在阐明我们对这一特发性风湿性疾病本质的认知。