The health, economic, and social effect of COVID-19 and its response on gender and sex: A literature review

Large-scale emergencies, like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrate pervasive effects across multiple sectors. There is a continually growing body of evidence demonstrating gender and sex differences in COVID-19 disease, as well as its health, social, and economic impacts. While online resources have worked to compile this evidence, there is a need to evaluate and synthesize the available gender- and sex-disaggregated data related to COVID-19. This literature review will systematically assess and compile current literature and evidence from different disciplines. We will include peer reviewed articles, clinical studies and reports, and relevant working papers using secondary data analyses and primary research methodologies. We will synthesize and describe the evidence on multiple outcomes of interest, including gender and sex differences in mortality, severity, treatment outcomes, exposure to violence, mental health and psychosocial support needs, and economic insecurity with COVID-19. These results can be used to inform policy, identify research gaps, and support recommendations for priority interventions.

诸如持续蔓延的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行这类大规模突发事件，其影响已广泛渗透至多个行业领域。目前已有越来越多的研究证据显示，新冠病毒感染的发病特征及其在健康、社会与经济层面的影响，均存在性别（gender）与生理性别（sex）层面的差异。尽管已有线上资源尝试汇总此类证据，但目前仍需对现有与新冠病毒感染相关的分性别与分生理性别数据开展系统性评估与整合工作。本系统性文献综述将对不同学科的现有文献与研究证据进行系统评估与整合，纳入采用二次数据分析与原创研究方法的同行评议论文、临床研究报告及相关工作论文。本综述将整合并阐释新冠病毒感染相关的多项关注结局指标的研究证据，涵盖病死率、病情严重程度、治疗结局、暴力侵害暴露情况、心理健康与社会心理支持需求以及经济不安全状况等维度的性别与生理性别差异。本研究结果可为政策制定提供决策参考，助力明确研究空白，并为优先干预措施的制定提供建议支撑。