Qilian Mountains integrated observatory network: Cold and Arid Research Network of Lanzhou university (an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Liancheng Station, 2018)

This dataset includes data recorded by the Cold and Arid Research Network of Lanzhou university obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Liancheng Station from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The site (102.833E, 36.681N) was located on a forest in the Tulugou national forest park, which is near Liancheng city, Gansu Province. The elevation is 2912 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (4 and 8 m, towards north), wind speed and direction profile (windsonic; 4 and 8 m, towards north), air pressure (1.5 m), rain gauge (2 m), four-component radiometer (4 m, towards south), infrared temperature sensors (2 m, towards south, vertically downward), photosynthetically active radiation (4 m, towards south), soil heat flux (2 duplicates below the vegetation;-0.05 and -0.1m in south of tower), soil soil temperature/ moisture/ electrical conductivity profile (below the vegetation;-0.05 and -0.1m in south of tower), sunshine duration sensor(4 m, towards south).
The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_4 m and Ta_8 m; RH_4 m and RH_8 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_2 m, Ws_4 m, and Ws_8 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_2 m, WD_4 m, and WD_8 m) (⁰), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (μmol/ (s m-2)), soil heat flux (Gs_5 cm, Gs_10 cm) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_5 cm, Ts_10 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_5 cm, Ms_10 cm) (%, volumetric water content), soil water potential (SWP_5cm, SWP_10cm)(kpa), soil conductivity (EC_5cm, EC_10cm)(μs/cm), sun time (h).
The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The soil heat flux data were wrong during Jan.1 to May 30 because of rodent damage; The data during May. 30 to July 6 were missing because the power supply failure; The air humidity data were rejected due to program error. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2018-6-10 10:30.

本数据集包含兰州大学寒旱区科学研究网络（Cold and Arid Research Network）于2018年1月1日至12月31日，通过连城站气象要素梯度观测系统获取的观测数据。该站点坐标为东经102.833°、北纬36.681°，位于甘肃省兰州市连城附近的吐鲁沟国家森林公园林区内，海拔2912米。各传感器及观测要素的安装高度与朝向如下：气温湿度廓线仪（安装高度4m、8m，朝向正北）；风速风向廓线仪（windsonic超声风速仪，安装高度4m、8m，朝向正北）；气压传感器（安装高度1.5m）；雨量筒（安装高度2m）；四分量辐射仪（four-component radiometer，安装高度4m，朝向正南）；红外温度传感器（infrared temperature sensors，安装高度2m，朝向正南，垂直向下）；光合有效辐射（photosynthetically active radiation，传感器安装高度4m，朝向正南）；土壤热通量（soil heat flux，2组重复测点，置于植被下方塔柱南侧-0.05m和-0.1m处）；土壤温度、湿度与电导率廓线仪（置于植被下方塔柱南侧-0.05m和-0.1m处）；日照时数传感器（安装高度4m，朝向正南）。
本次观测涵盖以下要素：气温与相对湿度（Ta_4m、Ta_8m；RH_4m、RH_8m，单位分别为℃和%）；风速（Ws_2m、Ws_4m、Ws_8m，单位m/s）；风向（WD_2m、WD_4m、WD_8m，单位°）；气压（press，单位hpa）；降水量（rain，单位mm）；四分量辐射（包括入射短波辐射DR、出射短波辐射UR、校正后入射长波辐射DLR_Cor、校正后出射长波辐射ULR_Cor、净辐射Rn，单位W/m²）；红外温度（IRT，单位℃）；光合有效辐射（PAR，单位μmol/(s·m⁻²)）；土壤热通量（Gs_5cm、Gs_10cm，单位W/m²）；土壤温度（Ts_5cm、Ts_10cm，单位℃）；土壤体积含水量（Ms_5cm、Ms_10cm，单位%，体积含水率）；土壤水势（soil water potential，SWP_5cm、SWP_10cm，单位kPa）；土壤电导率（EC_5cm、EC_10cm，单位μs/cm）；日照时长（sun time，单位h）。
数据处理与质量控制流程如下：(1) 自动气象站（AWS）数据以10分钟为间隔进行平均，每日共计144条记录。2018年1月1日至5月30日的土壤热通量数据因鼠类破坏出现错误；2018年5月30日至7月6日的数据因供电故障缺失；因程序误差，部分空气湿度数据被剔除。(2) 重复记录的数据予以剔除。(3) 非物理合理性数据予以剔除。(4) 标记为红色的数据为问题数据。(5) 统一日期与时间格式，将日期与时间整合至同一列，示例：2018-6-10 10:30。