Investigating terrestrial water storage change in a western Canadian river basin with GRACE/GRACE-FO and fully-integrated groundwater – surface water modelling

This dataset is associated with the following manuscript: Bringeland, S., Frey, S. K., Fotopoulos, G., Crowley, J., Xu, B., Khader, O., Eum, H., Farjad, B., Erler, A. R., Gupta, A.: Investigating terrestrial water storage change in a western Canadian river basin with GRACE/GRACE-FO and fully-integrated groundwater – surface water modelling, 2025 Some of the data in the repository has been adapted from the following sources: Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development: Alberta Irrigation Management Model (AIMM) v.3.1.3 Help Manual, Edmonton, 2013. Alberta Geological Survey: 3D Provincial Geological Framework Model of Alberta, version 2, Alberta Energy Regulator / Alberta Geological Survey, 2019. Aquanty: HydroGeoSphere Reference Manual, Waterloo, ON, 2024. Bringeland, S. and Fotopoulos, G.: Analysis of gap filling techniques for GRACE/GRACE-FO terrestrial water storage anomalies in Canada, Journal of Hydrology, 630, 130644, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130644, 2024. Crowley, J. W. and Huang, J.: A least-squares method for estimating the correlated error of GRACE models, Geophysical Journal International, 221, 1736–1749, https://doi.org/10.1093/GJI/GGAA104, 2020. Eum, H.-I. and Gupta, A.: Hybrid climate datasets from a climate data evaluation system and their impacts on hydrologic simulations for the Athabasca River basin in Canada, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5151–5173, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5151-2019, 2019. Geological Survey of Canada: Surficial geology of Canada, Prelim., Surficial Data Model V.2.0 Conversion., Natural Resources Canada, https://doi.org/10.4095/295462, 2014. Huang, B., Thorne, P. W., Banzon, V. F., Boyer, T., Chepurin, G., Lawrimore, J. H., Menne, M. J., Smith, T. M., Vose, R. S., and Zhang, H.-M.: Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1, 2017. Hurrell, J. W. and Deser, C.: North Atlantic climate variability: The role of the North Atlantic Oscillation, Journal of Marine Systems, 79, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.11.002, 2010. Hwang, H.-T., Park, Y.-J., Sudicky, E. A., and Forsyth, P. A.: A parallel computational framework to solve flow and transport in integrated surface–subsurface hydrologic systems, Environmental Modelling & Software, 61, 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.06.024, 2014. Hwang, H.-T., Erler, A. R., Khader, O., Berg, S. J., Sudicky, E. A., and Jones, J. P.: Estimation of groundwater contributions to Athabasca River, Alberta, Canada, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 45, 101301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101301, 2023. Kienzle, S. W.: A new temperature based method to separate rain and snow, Hydrological Processes, 22, 5067–5085, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7131, 2008. Landerer, F. W., Flechtner, F. M., Save, H., Webb, F. H., Bandikova, T., Bertiger, W. I., Bettadpur, S. V., Byun, S. H., Dahle, C., Dobslaw, H., Fahnestock, E., Harvey, N., Kang, Z., Kruizinga, G. L. H., Loomis, B. D., McCullough, C., Murböck, M., Nagel, P., Paik, M., Pie, N., Poole, S., Strekalov, D., Tamisiea, M. E., Wang, F., Watkins, M. M., Wen, H.-Y., Wiese, D. N., and Yuan, D.-N.: Extending the Global Mass Change Data Record: GRACE Follow-On Instrument and Science Data Performance, Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL088306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088306, 2020. Latifovic, R., Homer, C., Ressl, R., Pouliot, D., Hossain, S. N., Colditz, R. R., Olthof, I., Giri, C., and Victoria, A.: North American Land-Change Monitoring System, in: Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover: Principles and Applications, CRC Press, 303–322, 2012. Li, B., Beaudoing, H., and Rodell, M.: GLDAS Catchment Land Surface Model L4 monthly 1.0 x 1.0 degree V2.1, https://doi.org/10.5067/FOUXNLXFAZNY, 2020. Lilly, J. M. and Olhede, S. C.: Higher-Order Properties of Analytic Wavelets, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 57, 146–160, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2008.2007607, 2009. Lilly, J. M. and Olhede, S. C.: Generalized Morse Wavelets as a Superfamily of Analytic Wavelets, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 60, 6036–6041, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2012.2210890, 2012. Lomb, N. R.: Least-squares frequency analysis of unequally spaced data, Astrophys Space Sci, 39, 447–462, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00648343, 1976. Loomis, B. D., Rachlin, K. E., and Luthcke, S. B.: Improved Earth Oblateness Rate Reveals Increased Ice Sheet Losses and Mass-Driven Sea Level Rise, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 6910–6917, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082929, 2019. Lu, Z., Schultze, A., Carré, M., Brierley, C., Hopcroft, P. O., Zhao, D., Zheng, M., Braconnot, P., Yin, Q., Jungclaus, J. H., Shi, X., Yang, H., and Zhang, Q.: Increased frequency of multi-year El Niño–Southern Oscillation events across the Holocene, Nat. Geosci., 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01670-y, 2025. Mantua, N. J. and Hare, S. R.: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Journal of Oceanography, 58, 35–44, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015820616384, 2002. Newman, M., Alexander, M. A., Ault, T. R., Cobb, K. M., Deser, C., Di Lorenzo, E., Mantua, N. J., Miller, A. J., Minobe, S., Nakamura, H., Schneider, N., Vimont, D. J., Phillips, A. S., Scott, J. D., and Smith, C. A.: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Revisited, Journal of Climate, 29, 4399–4427, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0508.1, 2016. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration): Cold and warm episodes by season, 2019. Peltier, W. R., Argus, D. F., and Drummond, R.: Space geodesy constrains ice age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120, 450–487, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011176, 2015. Peltier, W. R., Argus, D. F., and Drummond, R.: Comment on “An Assessment of the ICE-6G_C (VM5a) Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Model” by Purcell et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123, 2019–2028, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013844, 2018. Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng, C.-J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., Entin, J. K., Walker, J. P., Lohmann, D., and Toll, D.: The Global Land Data Assimilation System, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 381–394, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381, 2004. Scargle, J. D.: Studies in astronomical time series analysis. II. Statistical aspects of spectral analysis of unevenly spaced data., The Astrophysical Journal, 263, 835–853, https://doi.org/10.1086/160554, 1982. Soil Landscapes of Canada Working Group: Soil Landscapes of Canada version 3.2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. (digital map and database at 1:1 million scale)., 2010. Sun, Y., Riva, R., and Ditmar, P.: Optimizing estimates of annual variations and trends in geocenter motion and J2 from a combination of GRACE data and geophysical models, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121, 8352–8370, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013073, 2016. Swenson, S., Chambers, D., and Wahr, J.: Estimating geocenter variations from a combination of GRACE and ocean model output, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005338, 2008. Watkins, M. M., Wiese, D. N., Yuan, D.-N., Boening, C., and Landerer, F. W.: Improved methods for observing Earth’s time variable mass distribution with GRACE using spherical cap mascons, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120, 2648–2671, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011547, 2015. Wiese, D. N., Landerer, F. W., and Watkins, M. M.: Quantifying and reducing leakage errors in the JPL RL05M GRACE mascon solution, Water Resources Research, 52, 7490–7502, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019344, 2016. Wiese, D. N., Yuan, D.-N., Boening, C., Landerer, F. W., and Watkins, M. M.: JPL GRACE and GRACE-FO Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height Coastal Resolution Improvement (CRI) Filtered Release 06.1 Version 03 Available: http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov, https://doi.org/10.5067/TEMSC-3JC63, 2023.