PTEN Loss of Function in Cancer
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Loss-of-function mutations affecting the phosphatase domain of PTEN are frequently found in sporadic cancers (Kong et al. 1997, Lee et al. 1999, Han et al. 2000), as well as in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes (PHTS) (Marsh et al. 1998). PTEN can also be inactivated by gene deletion or epigenetic silencing, or indirectly by overexpression of microRNAs that target PTEN mRNA (Huse et al. 2009). Cells with deficient PTEN function have increased levels of PIP3, and therefore increased AKT activity. For a recent review, please refer to Hollander et al. 2011.
PTEN 基因磷酸酶结构域的失活突变在散发性癌症(Kong 等人,1997年,Lee 等人,1999年,Han 等人,2000年)以及 PTEN 皮肤纤维瘤病(PHTS)(Marsh 等人,1998年)中频繁出现。PTEN 还可以通过基因缺失或表观遗传沉默被失活,或者通过靶向 PTEN mRNA 的 microRNA 的过度表达间接失活(Huse 等人,2009年)。PTEN 功能缺陷的细胞中 PIP3 水平升高,因此 AKT 活性增强。欲查阅近期综述,请参考 Hollander 等人,2011年。
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