Deficiency and Insufficiency of Vitamin D in Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D level and its associated factors for women of childbearing age in Brazil. Methods A systematic reviewwas conducted (last updatedMay 2020).Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse-variance for fixed models with summary proportion calculation by Freeman-Tukey double arcsine. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. Results Our review identified 31 studies, comprising 4,006 participants. All the studies had at least one weakness, mainly due to the use of convenience sampling and small sample size. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and both deficiency and insufficiency were 35% (confidence interval, 95%CI: 34-37%), 42% (95%CI: 41-44%), and 72% (95%CI: 71-74%), respectively. Conclusion Although the magnitude of the prevalence of inadequate levels of vitamin D is uncertain, the evidence suggests that presence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in women of reproductive age can cause moderate to severe problems.

摘要 目的：评估巴西育龄女性维生素D水平不足的患病率及其相关影响因素。方法：本研究开展了一项系统综述（systematic review），最后更新于2020年5月。采用逆方差法（inverse-variance）构建固定效应模型，通过Freeman-Tukey双反正变换（Freeman-Tukey double arcsine）计算合并患病率。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）患病率研究评价工具对报告质量与方法学质量进行评估。结果：本综述共纳入31项研究，涉及4006名受试者。所有研究均存在至少一处方法学缺陷，主要表现为采用方便抽样（convenience sampling）以及样本量偏小。维生素D缺乏、不足以及缺乏与不足合并状态的总体患病率分别为35%（95%置信区间（95% confidence interval, 95%CI）：34%~37%）、42%（95%CI：41%~44%）以及72%（95%CI：71%~74%）。结论：尽管维生素D水平不足的患病率确切数值尚不明确，但现有证据表明，育龄女性存在维生素D缺乏或不足的情况可引发中至重度健康问题。