Replication data for: Will funding to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and (forest) Degradation (REDD+) stop conversion of peat swamps to oil palm in orangutan habitat in Tripa in Aceh, Indonesia?

This dataset was moved to: https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25231Tripa is the last remaining peat-swamp forest that harbours a poten tially viable Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) sub-population in a formally but not effectively protected area. It appears to be a simple showcase where current efforts to financially support reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) converge with biodiversity and social co-benefits. In practice, however, the situation is more complex. REDD+ efforts interact with global palm oil trade and regulatory approaches (the moratorium) to achieve national goals for emissions reduction under umbrella of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMA). To contextualize this debate, we assessed (i) land-use history and formal basis of palm-oil companies' rights; (ii) carbon (C) stocks, historical emission levels and potential emissions that can be avoided; (iii) economic benefits of land-use options and opportunity costs of avoiding emissions; (iv) biodiversity and environmental services; and (v) alternative options for "high C stock development" and employment generation. Natural forest cover declined (54 % in 1995, 18 % in 2009) while oil palm increased 4 - 39 %. Aboveground C stocks decreased from 148 Mg ha -1 in 1990 to 61 Mg ha-1 in 2009, leading to average annual emissions of 14.5 Mg (carbon dioxide) CO2e ha -1 year-1. While 41 % of these emissions yield less than American Dollar (USD) 5 of current economic benefits per Mg CO2e emitted and might be compensated by REDD+, nearly all new emissions derive from a breach of existing laws, regulations and voluntary palm-oil standards. Substantial investment in alternative employment is needed, rather than carbon payments per se, to support livelihoods in a low carbon emissions economy

本数据集已迁移至：https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/25231。特里帕（Tripa）是现存最后一片泥炭沼泽森林，在名义上已划定但未得到有效保护的区域内，栖息着一群具备存续潜力的苏门答腊猩猩（Pongo abelii）亚种群。这片森林看似是一个典型范例，当前为减少森林砍伐与森林退化排放（REDD+）提供资金支持的举措，可与生物多样性保护及社会协同效益相结合。但实际情况更为复杂。在国家适当减缓行动（NAMA）的框架下，REDD+相关举措需与全球棕榈油贸易及监管政策（暂停令）协同配合，以达成国家减排目标。为厘清这场争论的背景，本研究开展了五项评估：（1）土地利用历史与棕榈油企业权利的法定依据；（2）碳储量、历史排放水平及可避免的潜在排放量；（3）土地利用方案的经济效益与减排的机会成本；（4）生物多样性与环境服务功能；（5）“高碳储量开发”及就业创造的替代方案。天然林覆盖率从1995年的54%降至2009年的18%，同期油棕种植面积占比从4%升至39%。地上碳储量从1990年的148 吨/公顷降至2009年的61 吨/公顷，年均碳排放达14.5 二氧化碳当量（CO₂e）/公顷·年。尽管其中41%的排放每排放1吨二氧化碳当量仅能带来不足5美元（USD）的当前经济效益，可通过REDD+获得补偿，但几乎所有新增排放均源于违反现有法律、法规及自愿性棕榈油标准的行为。要在低碳排放经济框架下保障当地民生，亟需加大替代就业岗位的投资力度，而非单纯依赖碳支付本身。