Factors associated with oral biofilm in ICU patients with infectious diseases

Abstract Introduction Hospitalization may cause a decline in oral health and affect the entire body. The intensive care unit (ICU) may be a favorable environment for oral biofilm to accumulate in critically ill patients. Objective To identify factors associated with oral biofilm in ICU patients in a hospital for infectious diseases. Method This was a retrospective, descriptive and inferential study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 178 medical records of patients from January 2012 to July 2015. Biofilm presence was assessed according to the Greene and Vermillion index. Potential influential factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Result Among ICU patients, 69.1% were men, 60.7% had acquired immune deficiency (AIDS), 66.3% were ward patients, 50.6% were intubated, and 50.0% were sedated. The oral elements of the patients were mostly normal. The following characteristics were significantly associated with oral biofilm: changes in the lips, gums, cheeks, and palates and bleeding. Patients from the ward had a lower risk of biofilm. Conclusion Increased oral biofilm accumulation was observed in patients with oral changes, and patient origin was associated with the presence of biofilm.

【摘要】 住院治疗可导致口腔健康状况下降，并累及全身健康。重症监护病房（intensive care unit, ICU）可能是危重症患者口腔生物膜积聚的适宜环境。
研究目的：明确某传染病医院ICU患者口腔生物膜的相关影响因素。
方法：本研究为采用定量方法的回顾性描述与推断性研究。研究收集了2012年1月至2015年7月期间的178份患者病历数据，采用格林-弗米利恩指数（Greene and Vermillion index）评估口腔生物膜的存在情况，并通过逻辑回归分析潜在影响因素。
结果：在本次研究的ICU患者中，69.1%为男性，60.7%罹患获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS），66.3%为普通病房转入患者，50.6%接受气管插管，50.0%接受镇静治疗。患者的口腔组织结构大多处于正常状态。以下特征与口腔生物膜形成显著相关：唇部、牙龈、颊部及腭部病变伴出血。普通病房来源的患者发生口腔生物膜的风险更低。
结论：存在口腔病变的患者口腔生物膜积聚程度更高，且患者的收治科室来源与口腔生物膜的存在存在显著关联。