Effects of water salinity and organomineral fertilization on leaf composition and production in Passiflora edulis

ABSTRACT An experiment was undertaken in Remígio County, Paraíba State, Brazil, from July 2013 to May 2014, in order to evaluate the effects of saline water irrigation, bovine biofertilizer, and potassium type on soil salinity, leaf macronutrient composition, and production of yellow passion fruit cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with reference to electrical conductivity of the water (0.35 and 4.00 dS m-1), soil with and without bovine biofertilizer, and application of potassium chloride as a conventional treatment (KCl) and in an organic polymer-coated form, supplied monthly. Bovine biofertilizer was diluted in non-saline water (proportion, 50%) and applied via water at a volume of 6 L plant-1 one day before transplanting, and then every 90 days. The combination of saline water with bovine biofertilizer raised soil salinity to a similar proportion when comparing saline water and conventional potassium chloride with saline water and polymer-coated potassium chloride. The increase in water saline concentrations associated with both types of potassium chloride and with bovine biofertilizer elevated soil salinity from non-saline to saline. On starting to flower, plants of cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo were deficient in macronutrients other than nitrogen and potassium, but nonetheless produced fruits of an adequate mass for the consumer market.

摘要 本实验于2013年7月至2014年5月在巴西帕拉伊巴州雷米焦县（Remígio County）开展，旨在评估咸水灌溉、牛生物有机肥与钾肥类型对土壤盐分、叶片大量元素组成以及黄色西番莲品种BRS Gigante Amarelo产量的影响。实验采用2×2×2析因设计的随机区组排列，处理因素包括：灌溉水的电导率（0.35与4.00 dS·m⁻¹）、土壤是否施用牛生物有机肥，以及钾肥类型：常规氯化钾（KCl）与有机聚合物包膜型钾肥，均每月施用一次。牛生物有机肥以50%的比例用非咸水稀释，于移栽前1天以每株6 L的体积随水施用，此后每90天追肥一次。结果表明：咸水与牛生物有机肥配施时，咸水配施常规氯化钾组与咸水配施包膜钾肥组的土壤盐分提升幅度相近；当水盐浓度升高，配合两种钾肥类型与牛生物有机肥时，可使土壤盐分从非盐渍化水平升至盐渍化水平。该品种进入始花期时，植株除氮与钾外的其余大量元素均表现缺乏，但所结果实的单果质量仍符合消费市场的标准要求。