Diversity of frugivorous flies (Tephritidae e Lonchaeidae) in three municipalities in southern Bahia

ABSTRACT: The main goal of this paper was to know the species diversity of frugivorous flies (Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) in Ilhéus, Uruçuca and Wenceslau Guimarães, municipalities in southern Bahia. In each sampled place five McPhail traps were used containing 5% corn hydrolyzed protein (Bio Anastrepha(c)), from July 2011 through December 2012. The captured adults were placed in plastic pots containing 70% alcohol, until identification, characterized according to diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener, Margalef and equitability, and categorized according to the total number of captured flies: 2.24% species of genus Neosilba McAlpine (Lonchaeidae), and 97.76% species of genus Anastrepha Schiner, with 12 species reported, and Ceratitis capitata . The index fly/trap/day (FTD) oscillated from zero to 1.35 with the highest capture in March and April 2012, coinciding with the fructification period. The frugivorous flies captured were Anastrepha antunesi Lima, A. bahiensis Lima, A. consobrina (Loew), A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. grandis (Macquart), A. leptozona Hendel, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. parallela (Wied.), A. serpentina (Wied.), A. sororcula Zucchi, A. zenildae Zucchi, C. capitata (Wied.), Neosilba glaberrima (Wied.) and Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal. Anastrepha fraterculus was the species with the highest index of frequency, dominance, abundance and constancy. It is the first register of A. consobrina in the state of Bahia.

摘要：本研究旨在调查巴伊亚州南部的伊列乌斯（Ilhéus）、乌鲁苏卡（Uruçuca）与文塞斯劳吉马良斯（Wenceslau Guimarães）三地的食果蝇类（frugivorous flies）物种多样性，涉及类群包括实蝇科（Tephritidae）与瘦额蝇科（Lonchaeidae）。于2011年7月至2012年12月间，在每个采样点放置5个搭载5%玉米水解蛋白（Bio Anastrepha(c)）的麦克菲尔诱捕器（McPhail traps）。将捕获的成虫置于含70%乙醇的塑料容器中以待鉴定，采用香农-威纳（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数、玛格利夫（Margalef）多样性指数及均匀度指数开展多样性分析，并按捕获总蝇量进行分类：瘦额蝇科（Lonchaeidae）纽西尔巴蝇属（Neosilba McAlpine）物种占比2.24%，按实蝇属（Anastrepha Schiner）物种占比97.76%，共记录12个物种及地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata）。每诱捕器每日捕获蝇数（FTD）指数波动范围为0至1.35，2012年3、4月捕获量达峰值，与宿主植物结果期相吻合。本次捕获的食果蝇类包括：按实蝇属（Anastrepha）的安通内斯按实蝇（Anastrepha antunesi Lima）、巴伊亚按实蝇（A. bahiensis Lima）、近亲按实蝇（A. consobrina (Loew)）、异色按实蝇（A. distincta Greene）、南美按实蝇（A. fraterculus (Wied.)）、大按实蝇（A. grandis (Macquart)）、细带按实蝇（A. leptozona Hendel）、斜纹按实蝇（A. obliqua (Macquart)）、平行按实蝇（A. parallela (Wied.)）、蛇形按实蝇（A. serpentina (Wied.)）、姊妹按实蝇（A. sororcula Zucchi）、曾氏按实蝇（A. zenildae Zucchi），地中海实蝇（C. capitata (Wied.)），以及瘦额蝇科（Lonchaeidae）的光面纽西尔巴蝇（Neosilba glaberrima (Wied.)）与扎多利奇纽西尔巴蝇（Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal）。其中，南美按实蝇（A. fraterculus）是出现频率、优势度、丰度及恒定性均最高的物种。本研究为巴伊亚州首次记录近亲按实蝇（A. consobrina）。