Promising Nanostructured Materials against Enveloped Virus

Abstract The development of self-disinfectant devices is highly needed to prevent and control infections, mainly caused by virus. In the past years, coronaviruses have been a threat to humanity, causing severe epidemics of respiratory infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), in 2003, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and presently the SARS-CoV2 is causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have demonstrated that surface contamination play a significant role in the spreading of viruses. These studies demonstrated that the production of highly reactive species by copper alloys contributes to rapid elimination of viruses. Nanostructured materials such as semiconductors TiO2, Co3O4 CuO, NiO, and TiO2, and silver nanoparticles can decrease the virus viability on the surfaces when associated with polymers and textiles, especially in conditions of light exposure. In addition, graphene oxide is rising as a promising material for inactivation of viruses due to its capacity of destroying the viral envelope and capsid. The virucidal property of these materials can be enhanced by increasing their functionalization with photosensitizers. The present mini-review brings subsidies for the development of new advanced self-disinfectant materials that can be used in the manufacture of gloves, masks, and a variety of other devices.摘要 研发自消毒装置对于预防和控制主要由病毒引发的感染具有迫切需求。过去数十年间，冠状病毒始终对人类健康构成严峻威胁：2003年引发严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）、2012年引发中东呼吸综合征（MERS）等重症呼吸道传染病疫情，而当前严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）正引发新冠（COVID-19）全球大流行。既往研究证实，物体表面污染在病毒传播过程中发挥着关键作用。此类研究表明，铜合金可产生活性极高的反应性物种，从而实现病毒的快速灭活。诸如二氧化钛（TiO₂）、四氧化三钴（Co₃O₄）、氧化铜（CuO）、氧化镍（NiO）等半导体材料以及银纳米颗粒等纳米结构材料，若与聚合物或纺织品结合，在光照条件下可显著降低物体表面的病毒存活能力。此外，氧化石墨烯因能够破坏病毒包膜与衣壳，正成为极具应用前景的病毒灭活材料。通过对这些材料进行光敏剂功能化修饰，可进一步强化其病毒杀灭性能。本微型综述可为新型先进自消毒材料的研发提供参考支撑，此类材料可应用于手套、口罩及多种其他相关装置的制造。