Data from: Metagenomic analysis reveals changes of the Drosophila suzukii microbiota in the newly colonised regions

The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a highly polyphagous pest of a wide variety of wild or cultivated berry and stone fruit. Originating from Southeast Asia, it has recently invaded a wide range of regions in Europe and North-America. It is well known that insect microbiotas may significantly influence several aspects of the host biology and play an important role in invasive species introduction into new areas. However, in spite of the great economic importance of D. suzukii, a limited attention has been given so far to its microbiota. In this study, we present the first in-depth characterization of gut bacterial diversity from field (native and invasive range) and lab-reared populations of this insect. The gut bacterial communities of field insects were dominated, regardless of their origin, by two families of the phylum Proteobacteria: Acetobacteraceae and Enterobacteriaceae, while Firmicutes, mainly represented by the family Staphylococcaceae, prevailed in lab-reared population. Locality was the most significant factor in shaping the microbiota of wild flies. Moreover, a negative correlation between diversity and abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and the time elapsed since the establishment of D. suzukii in a new region was observed. Altogether our results indicate that habitat, food resources as well as the colonization phase of a new region contribute to shape the bacterial communities of the invasive species which, in turn, by evolving more quickly, could influence host adaptation in a new environment.

斑翅果蝇（spotted wing drosophila），即铃木氏果蝇（Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)）（双翅目：果蝇科 Diptera: Drosophilidae），是一类多食性害虫，可危害多种野生或栽培的浆果与核果类水果。该虫原产于东南亚，近年来已入侵欧洲及北美广大区域。众所周知，昆虫微生物群可显著影响宿主生物学的多个方面，并在入侵物种向新区域定殖的过程中发挥重要作用。然而，尽管铃木氏果蝇具有极高的经济重要性，迄今为止针对其微生物群的研究仍较为匮乏。本研究首次对该昆虫野外（原生分布区与入侵分布区）及实验室饲养种群的肠道细菌多样性进行了深入解析。研究发现，野外采集的果蝇无论源自哪个分布区，其肠道细菌群落均以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）下的两个科为主：醋酸杆菌科（Acetobacteraceae）与肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）；而实验室饲养种群的优势菌群则为以葡萄球菌科（Staphylococcaceae）为主要代表的厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。采样地点是塑造野生果蝇微生物群结构的最关键因素。此外，本研究还观察到，肠杆菌科的多样性与丰度，与铃木氏果蝇在新区域完成定殖后的时长呈显著负相关。综上，本研究结果表明，生境、食物资源以及入侵区域的定殖阶段，共同参与塑造该入侵物种的肠道细菌群落；而这些细菌群落反过来可通过更快的演化速率，影响宿主在新环境中的适应性。