Gaia DR3 Reduced Epoch Photometry and Phase Curve Model Residuals for High-Amplitude Asteroid (44) Nysa

OverviewThis dataset contains reduced space-based epoch transit photometry from ESA's Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) for the main-belt asteroid (44) Nysa, along with corresponding solar system geometries retrieved from NASA JPL Horizons and fitted scattering model residuals. The dataset accompanies the Research Note submitted to *Icarus* titled: *"Phase Curve Fitting Artifacts in Sparse Gaia DR3 Photometry: A Case Study of High-Amplitude Asteroid (44) Nysa"*. ### Dataset Summary- **Target Object:** (44) Nysa- **Photometric Band:** Gaia $G$-band- **Number of Transits ($N$):** 166 observations- **Phase Angle Range ($\alpha$):** $18.9^\circ$ to $26.1^\circ$- **Primary Source Database:** Gaia DR3 (`gaiadr3.sso_observation`)- **Ephemeris Source:** NASA JPL Horizons (`Observer: Earth / 500`) ### File Format & Column Descriptions (`icarus_table1_nysa_gaia.csv`)1. `Asteroid_Number`: Minor planet designation number (44).2. `Target_Name`: Target object name (Nysa).3. `Epoch_JD`: Observation transit timestamp in UTC Julian Date ($\text{JD}_{\text{UTC}}$).4. `Solar_Phase_Angle_deg`: Sun-Asteroid-Observer angle ($\alpha$) in degrees.5. `Gaia_G_mag`: Calibrated apparent $G$-band magnitude observed by Gaia.6. `Reduced_G_mag`: Reduced magnitude $G_{\text{R}}(\alpha) = G_{\text{obs}} - 5\log_{10}(r \cdot \Delta)$.7. `H_G_Residual_mag`: Residual magnitude ($\Delta G$) relative to the unconstrained IAU $H, G$ model.8. `H_G12_Residual_mag`: Residual magnitude ($\Delta G$) relative to the constrained IAU $H, G_{12}$ model.