The cultivation of Sanqi significantly enhances the multifunctionality of Pinus armandi soil by influencing the diversity and network complexity of rare bacterial and fungal taxa

The diversity and network complexity of microorganisms are the core driving forces behind the multifunctionality of soil in agroforestry systems. However, in the Sanqi-Pinus armandii agroforestry (SPA) system, the interrelationships between rare and abundant taxa and soil multifunctionality are not well understood. To address this, we established monoculture P. armandii (MP) and SPA systems. Utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology, we uncovered the diversity and network complexity of rare and bundant microbe (bacteria and fungi), and assessed soil multifunctionality by measuring soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities.