Data from: Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data

Premise of the Study: A key question in evolutionary biology is why some
clades are more successful by being widespread geographically, biome
diverse, or species‐rich. To extend understanding of how shifts in area,
biomes, and pollinators impact diversification in plants, we examined the
relationships of these shifts to diversification across the mega‐genus
Salvia. Methods: A chronogram was developed from a supermatrix of anchored
hybrid enrichment genomic data and targeted sequence data for over 500 of
the nearly 1000 Salvia species. Ancestral areas and biomes were
reconstructed using BioGeoBEARS. Pollinator guilds were scored, ancestral
pollinators determined, shifts in pollinator guilds identified, and rates
of pollinator switches compared. Key Results: A well‐resolved phylogenetic
backbone of Salvia and updated subgeneric designations are presented.
Salvia originated in Southwest Asia in the Oligocene and subsequently
dispersed worldwide. Biome shifts are frequent from a likely ancestral
lineage utilizing broadleaf and/or coniferous forests and/or arid
shrublands. None of the four species diversification shifts are correlated
to shifts in biomes. Shifts in pollination system are not correlated to
species diversification shifts, except for one hummingbird shift that
precedes a major shift in diversification near the crown of New World
subgen. Calosphace. Multiple reversals back to bee pollination occurred
within this hummingbird clade. Conclusions: Salvia diversified extensively
in different continents, biomes, and with both bee and bird pollinators.
The lack of tight correlation of area, biome, and most pollinator shifts
to the four documented species diversification shifts points to other
important drivers of speciation in Salvia.

研究背景：进化生物学中的一个核心议题是，为何部分演化支在地理分布广泛、生境类型多样或物种丰富等方面表现得更为成功。为深化对分布区范围、生境类型及传粉者变化如何影响植物物种多样化的理解，我们针对大型鼠尾草属（Salvia）开展研究，剖析上述三类变化与该属物种多样化之间的关联。
研究方法：基于锚定杂交富集基因组数据与靶向测序数据构建的超级矩阵，我们对近1000个鼠尾草属物种中的500余种构建了年代树。利用BioGeoBEARS软件重建该属的祖先分布区与生境；对传粉功能群进行赋值，确定祖先传粉者类型，识别传粉功能群的转变，并比较不同传粉者转换的速率。
主要结果：本研究构建了分辨率较高的鼠尾草属系统发育主干，并更新了该属的亚属分类界定。鼠尾草属起源于渐新世的西南亚，随后扩散至全球各大陆。其祖先支系可能栖息于阔叶林、针叶林或干旱灌丛，后续生境转换频繁。四次物种多样化转变均与生境转换无关联。传粉系统的转变与物种多样化转变整体无显著关联，仅存在一例例外：在新世界鼠尾草亚属Calosphace冠群附近发生显著多样化转变之前，曾出现过一次蜂鸟传粉的转变。在该蜂鸟传粉支系内部，曾多次发生向蜂类传粉的反向转换。
研究结论：鼠尾草属在不同大陆、不同生境中发生了广泛的物种分化，且同时演化出蜂类与鸟类传粉的传粉策略。本次研究记录的四次物种多样化转变，均未与分布区、生境以及多数传粉系统的转变存在紧密关联，这表明鼠尾草属的物种形成还存在其他重要驱动因素。