Germplasm diversity of sunflower volatile terpenoid profiles across vegetative and reproductive organs

Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is the fourth most important oilseed crop globally and is known to have experienced multiple genetic bottlenecks during domestication and improvement. Homogenization of crop germplasm may limit breeding efforts to improve pest and pathogen resistance or optimize other biotic interactions like pollinator attraction. Such interactions are often strongly influenced by plant phytochemistry, especially volatile compounds like terpenoids. Here we use solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) to evaluate volatile phytochemistry across leaves, involucral bracts, disc florets, and ray floret petals in a collection of twelve inbred lines selected to represent a cross-section of sunflower germplasm diversity. Results indicate considerable compositional diversity of volatiles among lines, though substantial reduction in total volatile abundance relative to wild H. annuus. From leaves and bracts to disc florets and petals, ..., This dataset was collected using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) to evaluate volatile phytochemistry across leaves, involucral bracts, disc florets, and ray floret petals in a collection of twelve inbred lines selected to represent a cross-section of sunflower germplasm diversity. Tissue was snap-frozen from a large hoophouse experiment, weighed and analyzed with SPME-GC-MS, and output data for each sample was manually curated to extract mass-normalized peak areas for each identified compound. See full text for more details., Data files are CSV, no proprietary software is required.

栽培向日葵（Helianthus annuus）是全球第四大重要油料作物，已知其在驯化与改良过程中经历了多次遗传瓶颈。作物种质资源（germplasm）的同质化可能会限制育种工作，使其难以提升抗虫抗病能力或优化传粉者吸引等其他生物互作性状。这类互作通常受植物化学特性，尤其是萜类（terpenoids）等挥发性化合物的强烈调控。本研究采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry，SPME GC-MS）技术，对涵盖12个自交系（inbred lines）的群体进行挥发性植物化学组分分析，这些自交系被选为代表向日葵种质多样性的交叉样本，检测组织涵盖叶片、总苞苞片（involucral bracts）、盘状小花（disc florets）和舌状花瓣（ray floret petals）。结果显示，不同自交系间的挥发性组分组成存在显著多样性，但相较于野生向日葵（H. annuus），总挥发性物质丰度大幅降低。从叶片和苞片到盘状小花和花瓣……本数据集通过SPME GC-MS技术采集，用于分析上述12个自交系群体的叶片、总苞苞片、盘状小花和舌状花瓣的挥发性植物化学特性。实验组织采自大型拱棚试验，经速冻处理、称重后采用SPME-GC-MS进行分析，所有样本的输出数据均经过人工整理，以提取每个鉴定化合物的质量归一化峰面积。详细信息请参见全文。数据集文件格式为CSV，无需使用专有软件即可读取。