A bile acids-GPBAR1 network supports anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic benefits of probiotics in colitis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), represent chronic relapsing conditions characterized by dysregulated immune responses, persistent intestinal inflammation, and significant perturbations of gut microbiota composition and function. Recent evidence underscores the central role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and microbiota-derived metabolites, particularly secondary bile acids, in the pathogenesis and progression of both CD and UC. Probiotic therapies have emerged as promising candidates for modulating gut microbiota composition and function, with demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating intestinal inflammation and promoting mucosal healing in clinical and preclinical models of IBD.