Mechanosensitivity to cyclic ulna loading in young female and male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Note: Data represent mean ± standard deviation. OVX – ovariectomized females, G-1 – G-protein coupled estrogen receptor-specific agonist. Ps.L.B.Ar – periosteal labeled bone area in the loaded ulna, Ps.BFR/BS – periosteal bone formation rate, nd – not done, BPA – brachial plexus anesthesia. All rats were loaded for 1,500 cycles using a haversine waveform. Significant differences between groups (p#Significantly different from a hypothesized mean of zero (p[4].*Because load-strain relationships were determined at 4 Hz and cyclic loading was applied at 2 Hz in females in vivo, viscoelastic effects in the ulna loading model [31] suggest applied peak strain in the female rats of the present study was likely equivalent to or greater than the male rats in the earlier work. rPs.L.B.Ar, = R – L. Normalized rPs.L.B.Ar = (R-L)/L [34]. BPA blocking of the loaded ulna = [1−(BPA+Load/Load)]×100 [4].