Nursing diagnoses in adults and elderlies in the preoperative period: a comparative study

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the nursing diagnoses of NANDA-I Taxonomy in hospitalized adults and elderlies in preoperative of general surgery and proctology. Method: cross-sectional study, exploratory, quantitative approach, developed in the general surgery ward, between March and August, 2017. Inferential statistical analysis performed using Chi-square and Fisher test, considering p-value <0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: Of 51 participants, 32 (62.7%) were adults and 19 (37.3%) elderlies. In adults prevailed anxiety (81.3%), fear (50%), risk for infection (43.8%), and risk for delayed surgical recovery (37.5%). In elderlies, anxiety (68.4%), risk for infection (63.2%), impaired comfort (57.9), and risk for delayed surgical recovery (52.6%) prevailed. Anxiety was significant in adults (p=0.028); impaired dentition (p=0.001), and impaired comfort (p = 0.008) in elderlies. Conclusion: specificities of pre-surgical care rarely identified were evidenced, especially related to risk for infection and risk for delayed surgical recovery.

摘要
研究目的：分析普外科与肛肠外科住院成年及老年术前患者的北美护理诊断协会（NANDA-I）分类系统护理诊断。
研究方法：本研究为横断面、探索性定量研究，于2017年3月至8月在普外科病房开展。采用卡方检验与Fisher确切概率法进行推断性统计分析，设定检验水准为p值<0.05，置信区间为95%。
研究结果：共纳入51名受试者，其中成年患者32例（占比62.7%），老年患者19例（占比37.3%）。成年患者中高发的护理诊断为焦虑（81.3%）、恐惧（50%）、感染风险（43.8%）及手术恢复延迟风险（37.5%）；老年患者中高发的护理诊断为焦虑（68.4%）、感染风险（63.2%）、舒适障碍（57.9%）及手术恢复延迟风险（52.6%）。统计学分析显示，成年患者的焦虑（p=0.028）存在显著统计学差异，老年患者的牙列受损（p=0.001）与舒适障碍（p=0.008）存在显著统计学差异。
研究结论：本研究明确了术前护理中常被忽视的专科特异性要点，尤其与感染风险及手术恢复延迟风险相关的护理内容。