Hohokam Archaeology Along Phase B of the Tucson Aqueduct Central Arizona Project, Volume 2: Excavations at Fastimes (AZ AA:12:384) A Rillito Phase site in the Avra Valley

In 1986 archaeologists from the Cultural Resource Management Division of the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, excavated a Rillito phase Hohokam settlement that lay in the path of the Tucson Aqueduct Phase B, Central Arizona Project. The site, AZ AA:12:384, nicknamed "Fastimes," was located northwest of Tucson at the northern end of the Avra Valley, some 6,7 km southwest of the Santa Cruz River. Trenching and stripping revealed 96 features, including at least 30 pit houses. Thirty-eight features were excavated or tested: 17 pit houses, 6 cremations, 2 inhumations, 8 roasting pits, and 5 other pit features. The features were distributed among five distinct house groups, some which had one or more house clusters. The total site area was 164,300 square meters. The variety of artifactual and nonartifactual materials analyzed indicates that Fastimes probably represents five farmsteads, all occupied during the relatively unstudied Rillito phase (A.D. 700 to 900) of the Colonial period, Some of the structures were occupied year-round, but site use may have lasted only a generation or two. Exact contemporaneity of the house groups could not be determined, but in some cases the general building sequences within groups could tentatively be reconstructed. Fastimes represents intensive use of nonriverine resources by the Hohokam and provides new insights into their occupation of the Avra Valley during the Colonial period. The occupants took advantage of ideal floodwater farming conditions at the distal end of the bajada where the site was situated; they grew corn and probably squash and cotton. Hohokam families harvested an abundant variety of wild plant foods. They also hunted, mainly jackrabbit, although mule deer, pronghorn antelope, and kit fox also were taken for food and skins.

1986年，亚利桑那大学（University of Arizona）亚利桑那州立博物馆文化资源管理部（Cultural Resource Management Division of the Arizona State Museum）的考古学家，对位于中央亚利桑那工程（Central Arizona Project）图森输水管道B段（Tucson Aqueduct Phase B）施工路线上的里利托期（Rillito phase）霍霍坎（Hohokam）聚落遗址开展了考古发掘。该遗址编号为AZ AA:12:384，昵称为“Fastimes”，坐落于图森市西北部、阿夫拉谷北端，距离圣克鲁斯河西南约6.7公里。考古人员通过探沟开挖与地表剥离作业，共揭露96处遗迹，其中至少包含30座坑屋。本次发掘或试掘的遗迹共计38处，涵盖17座坑屋、6座火葬遗迹、2座土葬遗迹、8座烘烤坑，以及5处其他坑状遗迹。上述遗迹分属5个独立的房屋群组，部分群组内还设有一处或多处房屋集群。遗址总面积达164300平方米。通过对各类人工遗物与非人工遗物的综合分析可知，Fastimes遗址大概率代表5处农庄，所有农庄均处于殖民时期相对研究较少的里利托期（公元700年至900年）。部分建筑为常年居所，但遗址的整体使用时长可能仅为一两代人。虽无法确定各房屋群组的确切共存年代，但部分群组内的建筑建造序列可被初步复原。Fastimes遗址直观体现了霍霍坎人群对非河流沿岸资源的集约化利用，为研究殖民时期霍霍坎人在阿夫拉谷的定居活动提供了全新视角。当时的定居者依托遗址所在的山前洪积扇（bajada）远端的理想洪水灌溉农业条件开展生产，种植了玉米，大概率还种植了南瓜与棉花。霍霍坎族群除耕作作物外，还采集了种类丰富的野生植物作为食物来源。他们同时开展狩猎活动，主要猎物为长耳兔，此外也会捕猎骡鹿、叉角羚以及基特狐（kit fox）以获取肉食与皮毛。