Farming Systems and GAP Adoption in JASS Coffee in Tlahab, Temanggung Regency, Indonesia

Farming systems provide information about the complexity of agriculture at the household level in a region. In Temanggung, Indonesia, the Java Arabica Sindoro-Sumbing (JASS) coffee intercropped with tobacco and vegetables provides an interesting interaction study. Despite its potential, no in-depth research has been conducted on farming systems and the level of good agricultural practices (GAP) adoption in JASS plantations. This study sought to analyze farming systems and determine the level of GAP adoption by the JASS coffee farmers in Tlahab, Temanggung, Central Java Province. One hundred fifty-eight purposively sampled farmers were interviewed in depth. The study employed agrarian system diagnosis as tool for analyzing farming systems, and calculated GAP adoption using the chi-square test. Before 1999, the simple farming system consisted of planting tobacco and red beans during the dry season, switching to corn during the rainy season, and keeping livestock for emergency savings and manure. However, erosion was a major problem because few wood trees existed. Farmers grew JASS coffee in large quantities and positioned it as a conservation plant and as a new income source. After 2000, they grew JASS coffee alongside tobacco and red beans during the dry season, followed by more diverse cropping during the rainy season. The study classified the JASS coffee farmers as specialist, rainforest, and diversified coffee farmers. Plant spacing and intercropping had more than 75 percent adoption rate, water and soil conservation, along with growing shade trees, had 30 to 50 percent adoption, while fertilizing and pruning had less than 25 percent. Specialist coffee farmers dominated the practice of GAP cultivation and had higher yield and income from coffee cherries than two other types of farmers.

农业系统可揭示某区域内农户尺度下农业生产的复杂样态。印度尼西亚腾加昂（Temanggung）地区的爪哇阿拉比卡辛多罗-松宾（Java Arabica Sindoro-Sumbing, JASS）咖啡与烟草、蔬菜间作的种植模式，为农业系统互作研究提供了极具价值的研究对象。尽管该模式具备显著研究潜力，但目前尚无针对JASS种植园的农业系统特征以及良好农业规范（Good Agricultural Practices, GAP）采纳水平的深入研究。本研究以中爪哇省腾加昂县特拉哈布（Tlahab）地区的JASS咖啡种植户为研究对象，旨在解析其农业系统特征并明确农户的GAP采纳水平。研究通过立意抽样选取158户种植户开展深度访谈，采用农业系统诊断法作为农业系统分析工具，并通过卡方检验计算GAP的采纳率。1999年以前，当地农业系统结构较为单一：旱季种植烟草与红小豆，雨季改种玉米，并通过饲养畜禽作为应急储备与有机肥来源。但由于当地林木稀缺，水土流失成为主要生态问题。为此农户大规模种植JASS咖啡，将其作为水土保持作物与新增收入来源。2000年之后，农户在旱季同时种植JASS咖啡、烟草与红小豆，雨季则采用更为多元化的种植模式。研究将JASS咖啡种植户划分为专业型、雨林型与多元化型三类。其中株距配置与间作模式的GAP采纳率超过75%；水土保持措施及遮阴树种植的采纳率为30%~50%，而施肥与修剪措施的采纳率则不足25%。专业型种植户的GAP栽培实践实施比例最高，其咖啡鲜果产量与收入均高于另外两类种植户。