1970 British Cohort Study: Age 16, Sweep 4 Reading and Matrices Tests, 1986

<p>The <span style="font-style: italic;">1970 British Cohort Study</span> (BCS70) is a longitudinal birth cohort study, following a nationally representative sample of over 17,000 people born in England, Scotland and Wales in a single week of 1970. Cohort members have been surveyed throughout their childhood and adult lives, mapping their individual trajectories and creating a unique resource for researchers. It is one of very few longitudinal studies following people of this generation anywhere in the world.<br><br>Since 1970, cohort members have been surveyed at ages 5, 10, 16, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, and 51. Featuring a range of objective measures and rich self-reported data, BCS70 covers an incredible amount of ground and can be used in research on many topics. Evidence from BCS70 has illuminated important issues for our society across five decades. Key findings include how reading for pleasure matters for children's cognitive development, why grammar schools have not reduced social inequalities, and how childhood experiences can impact on mental health in mid-life. Every day researchers from across the scientific community are using this important study to make new connections and discoveries.<br><br>BCS70 is run by the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/1970-british-cohort-study/" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Centre for Longitudinal Studies</a> (CLS), a research centre in the UCL Institute of Education, which is part of University College London. The content of BCS70 studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the <a href="https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/item/uk.cls.bcs70/75fe4705-0c94-4f75-b1e6-ad9c61ffde26" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CLOSER Discovery</a> website.<br><br><em>How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:</em><br>For information on how to access biomedical data from BCS70 that are not held at the UKDS, see the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/data-access-training/genetic-data-and-biological-samples/" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CLS Genetic data and biological samples</a> webpage.<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Polygenic Indices</span><br>Polygenic indices are available under Special Licence SN 9439. Derived summary scores have been created that combine the estimated effects of many different genes on a specific trait or characteristic, such as a person's risk of Alzheimer's disease, asthma, substance abuse, or mental health disorders, for example. These polygenic scores can be combined with existing survey data to offer a more nuanced understanding of how cohort members' outcomes may be shaped.<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Secure Access datasets<br></span>Secure Access versions of BCS70 have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard Safeguarded Licence.<br><br></p> The <span style="font-style: italic;">1970 British Cohort Study: Age 16, Sweep 4 Reading and Matrices Tests, 1986</span> study includes data derived from reading and matrices tests administrated in 1986, when cohort members were 16 years old. The reading test used was the Shortened Edinburgh Reading Test, and the Matrices tests were extracted from the British Ability Scales standard set of tests.<br>
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《1970英国队列研究》(1970 British Cohort Study, 简称BCS70)是一项纵向出生队列研究，追踪了1970年单一周内出生于英格兰、苏格兰与威尔士的17000余名具有全国代表性的研究对象。该队列成员在童年与成年阶段均接受过多次调查，完整勾勒了他们的人生轨迹，为研究者打造了独一无二的宝贵资源，是全球范围内极少数针对该世代人群开展的纵向研究之一。

自1970年起，研究对象分别在5岁、10岁、16岁、26岁、30岁、34岁、38岁、42岁、46岁及51岁时接受过随访调查。BCS70整合了多维度客观测量指标与丰富的自我报告数据，覆盖研究主题极为广泛，可应用于众多领域的科研工作。五十余年来，该研究产出的成果为社会层面的诸多重要议题提供了关键洞见，核心发现包括：阅读乐趣对儿童认知发展的重要性、文法学校未能缩小社会不平等的原因，以及童年经历如何影响中年心理健康。目前全球科研领域的研究者每日都在借助这项重要研究开展新的关联分析与科学发现。

BCS70由伦敦大学学院(University College London, UCL)教育学院下属的纵向研究中心(Centre for Longitudinal Studies, CLS)负责运营。研究内容（包括问卷条目、研究主题与变量）可通过CLOSER Discovery网站进行查询与探索。

如何获取多项纵向调查的遗传及/或生物医学样本数据：
若需了解如何获取BCS70中未由英国数据服务中心(UKDS)持有的生物医学数据，请访问CLS遗传数据与生物样本网页。

多基因指数(Polygenic Indices)
多基因指数需通过特殊许可SN 9439获取。研究团队已生成衍生汇总得分，整合了多种不同基因对特定性状或特征的预估效应，例如阿尔茨海默病、哮喘、物质成瘾或精神障碍的患病风险等。此类多基因得分可与现有调查数据结合，帮助研究者更细致地剖析队列成员的人生结局受何种因素塑造。

安全访问数据集(Secure Access datasets)
BCS70的安全访问版本相较于标准受保护许可下的版本，访问限制更为严格。

《1970英国队列研究：16岁时第4轮调查阅读与矩阵推理测验数据，1986年》包含1986年研究对象16岁时接受的阅读与矩阵推理测验衍生数据。本次研究使用的阅读测验为精简版爱丁堡阅读测验(Shortened Edinburgh Reading Test)，矩阵推理测验则取自英国能力量表(British Ability Scales)标准测验套装。