Self-Esteem among Empowered Saudi Women

The investigation encompassed thirty participants, predominantly within the 41–50 age bracket, the majority of whom held supervisory roles and possessed between one and five years of leadership experience. The respondents exhibited self-esteem levels ranging from moderate to high (RSES), alongside consistently elevated self-efficacy scores (GSE). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant disparity between RSES and GSE (p = 0.017), implying that these constructs are distinct in their respective levels among leaders. Neither age nor the duration of leadership tenure exerted a significant influence on self-esteem or self-efficacy. Conversely, leadership level significantly impacted self-efficacy (p = 0.005), with chancellors and supervisors displaying higher GSE compared to vice deans and deans. No significant variations were detected concerning self-esteem. In conclusion, the results suggest that self-efficacy is more responsive to leadership hierarchy, whereas self-esteem remains relatively consistent across demographic and leadership-related variables.