Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and COVID-19 in children and adolescents: epidemiological aspects, Brazil, 2020-20211

ABSTRACT This study describes epidemiological aspects of the Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 and mortality by COVID-19 in children (0-9 years old) and adolescents (10-19 years old). The data sources, for 2020-2021, were the Epidemiological Surveillance System for MIS-C and Mortality Information System for COVID-19, both managed by the Ministry of Health. There were 1,503 cases, more frequent in children (77%) than in adolescents (23%), and 93 reported deaths due to MIS-C in 26 of the 27 States of the Country. The highest number of cases in children was reported in São Paulo (268), but the highest incidence took place in the Federal District (7.8 per 100,000 inhabitants). The rate of deaths due to MIS-C was 5.4% in children and 8.7% in adolescents. There were 2,329 deaths due to COVID-19 in the population under 20 years old, with a higher rate in adolescents (4.4 per 100,000 inhabitants) than in children (2.7); the highest rate occurred in Roraima. We recommend intensifying immunization against COVID-19 in such population, increasing protection against the negative effects of COVID-19 and MIS-C, which may have short, medium and/or long-term consequences, so as not to compromise the full integration of these citizens into society.

摘要 本研究阐述了与新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）相关的儿童多系统炎症综合征（Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, MIS-C），以及0-9岁儿童、10-19岁青少年的COVID-19相关死亡病例的流行病学特征。本研究的数据来源于2020至2021年的儿童多系统炎症综合征流行病学监测系统与COVID-19死亡信息系统，两套系统均由该国卫生部管理。本次研究共纳入1503例病例，其中儿童占比77%，青少年占比23%，儿童病例更为多见；全国27个州中有26个州报告了93例因MIS-C导致的死亡病例。儿童病例数最多的地区为圣保罗州（268例），但发病率最高的地区为联邦特区（每10万居民7.8例）。儿童的MIS-C病死率为5.4%，青少年则为8.7%。20岁以下人群中共报告2329例COVID-19死亡病例，青少年的死亡率（每10万居民4.4例）高于儿童（每10万居民2.7例）；死亡率最高的地区为罗赖马州。本研究建议强化该人群的COVID-19免疫接种工作，提升其对COVID-19及MIS-C不良影响的防护能力——此类不良影响可能存在短期、中期及/或长期后果，以保障该群体能够充分融入社会，避免损害其社会融入的完整性。