Ultrafine particles, Black Carbon

In this study, the Federal Environment Agency provides an overview of ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC). These components of fine dust are currently being discussed because of their health relevance. They are mainly produced during combustion processes. UFP shows that the health effects cannot be separated from those of other pollutants from transport. Therefore, the World Health Organisation is not currently developing a benchmark for the UFP. BC, on the other hand, is an indicator of the impact of traffic measures. There are currently few systematic measurements of BC and UFP; the measurement methods are not yet standardised either. The available measurement results for concentrations of UFP and BC in Austria, Europe and worldwide as well as the necessary measuring instruments are presented and discussed.本研究中，联邦环境署（Federal Environment Agency）对超细颗粒物（ultrafine particles, UFP）与黑碳（black carbon, BC）进行了综述。这类细粉尘组分因其与健康的密切关联，目前正受到广泛关注。二者主要产生于燃烧过程。就超细颗粒物而言，其健康影响与交通排放的其他污染物的健康影响密不可分，因此世界卫生组织（World Health Organisation, WHO）目前尚未针对超细颗粒物制定基准限值。而黑碳则可作为交通管控措施影响的指示性指标。当前针对黑碳与超细颗粒物的系统性测量数据较为匮乏，且相关测量方法尚未实现标准化。本研究还对奥地利、欧洲乃至全球范围内已公开的超细颗粒物与黑碳浓度测量结果，以及所需的配套测量仪器进行了梳理与探讨。