Varroa destructor mite in Africanized honeybee colonies Apis mellifera L. under royal jelly or honey production

This study evaluated the level of invasion of Varroa mite into worker brood cells, the infestation rate on adult worker honeybees, total and effective reproduction rates of the mite in Africanized honeybee colonies under royal jelly or honey production. Invasion and infestation rates were not statistically different between honeybee colonies producing honey or royal jelly and the averages for these parameters were 5.79 and 8.54%, respectively. Colonies producing honey presented a higher (p < 0.05) total and effective reproduction of Varroathan colonies producing royal jelly. There was a negative correlation between levels of invasion and infestation with minimum external temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The variables month and season influenced the development of the mite, but rates were low and within the range normally found in Brazil for Africanized honeybee colonies, which confirm the greater resistance of these honeybees to Varroa destructor than European honeybees.

本研究评估了瓦螨（Varroa mite）侵入工蜂封盖巢房的水平、成年工蜂寄生率，以及蜂王浆生产或蜂蜜生产模式下非洲化蜜蜂蜂群中该螨的总繁殖率与有效繁殖率。产蜂蜜与产蜂王浆的蜂群之间，瓦螨的侵入率与寄生率无统计学差异，两项参数的平均值分别为5.79%与8.54%。产蜂蜜的蜂群，其瓦螨总繁殖率与有效繁殖率均显著高于产蜂王浆的蜂群（p < 0.05）。瓦螨的侵入与寄生水平与最低外界气温、相对湿度及降雨量呈负相关。月份与季节变量会影响瓦螨的种群发展，但影响幅度较低，且相关参数处于巴西非洲化蜜蜂蜂群的常见范围之内，这证实了非洲化蜜蜂相较于欧洲蜜蜂，对狄斯瓦螨（Varroa destructor）具有更强的抗性。