Similar Enzymatic Functions in Distinct Bioluminescence Systems: Evolutionary Recruitment of Sulfotransferases in Ostracod Light Organs

Genes from ancient families are sometimes involved in the convergent evolutionary origins of similar traits, even across vast phylogenetic distances. Sulfotransferases are an ancient family of enzymes that transfer sulfate from a donor to a wide variety of substrates, including probable roles in some bioluminescence systems. Here we demonstrate multiple sulfotransferases, highly expressed in light organs of the bioluminescent ostracod Vargula tsujii, transfer sulfate in vitro to the luciferin substrate, vargulin. We find luciferin sulfotransferases of ostracods are not orthologous to known luciferin sulfotransferases of fireflies or sea pansies; animals with distinct and convergently evolved bioluminescence systems compared to ostracods. Therefore, distantly related sulfotransferases were independently recruited at least three times, leading to parallel evolution of luciferin metabolism in three highly diverged organisms. Re-use of homologous genes is surprising in these bioluminescence..., , , # Similar enzymatic functions in distinct bioluminescence systems: Evolutionary recruitment of sulfotransferases in ostracod light organs

#### Emily S Lau1, Jessica A Goodheart1,2, Nolan T Anderson3, Vannie L Liu3, Arnab Mukherjee3,4,5,6, Todd H Oakley1

#### 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106

#### 2 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10025

#### 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106

#### 4 Department of Biological Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106

#### 5 Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106

#### 6 Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106

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## Directory structure and file list

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README.md

Lau_etal_Rcode_supplement.Rmd

Lau_etal_Rcod...

源自古老基因家族的基因，有时会参与相似性状的趋同演化起源，即便这些类群之间的系统发育距离极为遥远。磺基转移酶（sulfotransferases）是一类古老的酶家族，可将硫酸盐从供体转移至多种底物，在部分生物发光系统中或发挥关键作用。本研究证实，在生物发光介形虫（ostracod）Vargula tsujii的发光器官中高表达的多种磺基转移酶，可在体外将硫酸盐转移至荧光素（luciferin）底物海萤荧光素（vargulin）。我们发现，介形虫的荧光素磺基转移酶，与已知的萤火虫或海笔（sea pansies）的荧光素磺基转移酶并非直系同源；萤火虫、海笔与介形虫各自拥有独立演化出的生物发光系统。因此，亲缘关系遥远的磺基转移酶至少被独立招募了三次，从而在三种高度分化的生物中造就了荧光素代谢的趋同演化。在这些生物发光系统中，同源基因的重复利用颇为出人意料……
# 不同生物发光系统中的相似酶功能：介形虫发光器官中磺基转移酶的演化招募

#### 艾米丽·S·劳（Emily S Lau）1, 杰西卡·A·古德哈特（Jessica A Goodheart）1,2, 诺兰·T·安德森（Nolan T Anderson）3, 范妮·L·刘（Vannie L Liu）3, 阿尔纳布·慕克吉（Arnab Mukherjee）3,4,5,6, 托德·H·奥克利（Todd H Oakley）1

#### 1 加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校生态、演化与海洋生物学系，美国加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉市，93106
#### 2 美国自然历史博物馆无脊椎动物学部，美国纽约州纽约市，10025
#### 3 加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校化学工程系，美国加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉市，93106
#### 4 加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校生物工程系，美国加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉市，93106
#### 5 加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校化学系，美国加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉市，93106
#### 6 加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校神经科学研究所，美国加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉市，93106

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## 目录结构与文件列表

README.md
Lau_etal_Rcode_supplement.Rmd
Lau_etal_Rcod...