Evolução das Relações Contratuais na Perspectiva dos Citricultores: um estudo de múltiplos casos de contratos entre 1978/79 a 2011/2012

The paper analyzes and describes, from citrus growers perspective and new institutional economics (NEI) framework, an exploratory series of thirty-nine (39) formal contracts established between ten orange producers and a set of five orange processing companies, from 1978/79 to 2011/12 crops. The main objective is to analyze contractual relationship evolution in São Paulo citrus complex, especially from citrus grower’s views. The research uses an intertemporal, exploratory, historically and documentary multiple cases study methodology of contractual relationships, subdividing them into three different contractual models. A questionnaire was applied to six orange growers to verify the presence or not of the relational principles in the different contractual models. The analysis result of contractual models evolution, from citrus growers’ perspective, indicates that there has been a gradual bilateral relations deterioration, as relational principles in the institutional arrangements were not used, accentuating citrus crisis and bilateral conflicts.

本文以柑橘种植者视角为切入点，基于新制度经济学（New Institutional Economics, NEI）分析框架，对10家橙子生产商与5家橙子加工企业在1978/79至2011/12年度柑橘收获季间达成的39份正式合同展开探索性研究与描述。本研究的核心目标是分析圣保罗柑橘产业集群内的契约关系演化历程，尤其聚焦柑橘种植者的视角。本研究采用跨期、探索性、历史性与文献性多案例研究方法对契约关系展开分析，并将研究对象划分为三类不同的契约模式。研究团队向6位橙子种植者发放调查问卷，用以验证各类契约模式中是否存在关系型原则。基于柑橘种植者视角的契约模式演化分析结果显示：由于制度安排未纳入关系型原则，双边关系呈现逐步恶化的态势，进而加剧了柑橘产业危机与双边冲突。