Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The development of metabolic diseases is closely associated with the gut microbiota. While accumulating evidence indicates that exercise can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, its effects in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconsistent. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of exercise on the gut microbiota in individuals with obesity and T2D, and to explore the potential optimal exercise regimen.