The association among the consumption of ultra-processed food and body image, nutritional status and physical activity of pregnant women at the primary health care

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the consumption of ultra-processed food and its association with body image, physical activity, nutritional status and self-assessment on food of pregnant women enrolled in the Primary Health Care. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study carried out with pregnant women enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The dependent variable was the consumption of ultra-processed food, and the independent ones addressed body appearance, physical activity, nutritional status, self-assessment on food and food consumption. Descriptive analysis was carried out and for association of analysis, the linear regression model was used with crude and adjusted associations. Results: 1,185 pregnant women participated in the study. Caloric intake from ultra-processed food represented 32.0% of these women’s daily diet. There was an association between consumption of ultra-processed food and physical activity (β=-0.08; p<0.01), pre-gestional nutritional status (β=-0,12; p<0.01) and body image (β =0.08; p=0.01). Conclusion: the pregnant women presented high consumption of ultra-processed food. Having a negative body image, the lowest level of physical activity, and high pre-gestational nutritional status are conditions that influenced the consumption of these food.

【研究目的】：分析纳入基层医疗（Primary Health Care）服务体系的孕妇的超加工食品（ultra-processed food）摄入情况，及其与体像、体力活动、营养状况及自我饮食评价的关联。

【研究方法】：本研究为横断面研究，研究对象为巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州蒙特斯克拉罗斯市家庭健康战略（Family Health Strategy）体系下的建档孕妇。通过问卷调查收集数据，以超加工食品摄入为因变量，自变量涵盖体像、体力活动、营养状况、自我饮食评价及饮食摄入情况。采用描述性分析方法，关联分析则使用线性回归模型（linear regression model），分别计算未校正与校正后的关联效应。

【研究结果】：共计1185名孕妇参与本研究。超加工食品供能占该群体孕妇每日总热量摄入的32.0%。超加工食品摄入与体力活动（β=-0.08；p<0.01）、孕前营养状况（β=-0.12；p<0.01）及体像（β=0.08；p=0.01）存在显著关联。

【研究结论】：本次纳入研究的孕妇超加工食品摄入水平较高。负面体像、低水平体力活动及孕前高营养状况，均为影响该类食品摄入的相关因素。