Supplementary Material for: A Novel Approach of Synthesizing and Evaluating the Anticancer Potential of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles in vitro

Background: Development of novel strategies to kill
cancer by sparing normal cells is of utmost importance. Apart from their
known antimicrobial activity, only limited information has been
recorded regarding the antitumor potential of biocompatible silver oxide
nanoparticles (AgONPs). There is a need to evaluate the anticancer
potential of biocompatible AgONPs in vitro. Methods: A new approach of utilizing the leaf extract of Excoecaria agallocha
was used to synthesize AgONPs. This was then characterized by
ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, nanoparticle-tracking analysis,
and ζ-potential analysis. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic potential were
evaluated with an MTT assay and an annexin V-binding assay against the
murine melanoma (B16F10), murine colon cancer (CT26), murine lung
adenocarcinoma (3LL), and murine Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell
lines. Cellular localization of AgONPs was evaluated on fluorescence
microscopy. Results: UV peaks at 270 and 330 nm indicated
the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) and the NP-tracking analyzer
revealed them to have a size of 228 nm. AgONPs exerted initial
cytotoxicity, specifically against all the experimental malignant cells
by sparing the normal cell lines. Moreover, AgONPs exert apoptosis
equally on all the malignant cells in vitro and ex vivo. This
cytotoxicity possibly occurs via the nuclear translocation of AgONPs as
analyzed in B16F10 cells. Conclusions: AgONPs utilizing natural sources would be a new medicinal approach against a broad spectrum of malignancy.