THE EMERGENCE OF WATER RESOURCE SCARCITY AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

Abstract: This article deeply analyzes the causes of water resource scarcity on a global scale and in the case of the Republic of Uzbekistan, linking it to climate change, population growth, urbanization, and anthropogenic factors. During the research process, modern scientific approaches such as systematic analysis, statistical generalization, and ecological monitoring were utilized. Based on digital data, the dynamics of household provision with basic drinking water services between 2010 and 2025 are highlighted (the general indicator increased from 73.4% to 99%, in urban areas from 91.4% to 99.8%, and in rural areas from 60.5% to 98%). Furthermore, the article thoroughly examines negative ecological consequences such as the disruption of natural ecosystems due to water scarcity and the reduction of natural water body surfaces, acceleration of secondary soil salinization and desertification processes, decline in agricultural productivity, narrowing of habitats for flora and fauna leading to a decrease in biodiversity, as well as the loss of the self-purification capacity of water bodies resulting in worsened water quality and ecological environment. The results of the scientific research indicate that to mitigate emerging ecological threats, it is necessary to introduce water-saving technologies in agriculture, improve water resource management systems, and strengthen transboundary cooperation.