Jointly representing long-range genetic similarity and spatially heterogeneous isolation-by-distance

Isolation-by-distance patterns in genetic variation are a widespread feature of the geographic structure of genetic variation in many species, and many methods have been developed to illuminate such patterns in genetic data. However, long-range genetic similarities also exist, often as a result of rare or episodic long-range gene flow.  Jointly characterizing patterns of isolation-by-distance and long-range genetic similarity in genetic data is an open data analysis challenge that, if resolved, could help produce more complete representations of the geographic structure of genetic data in any given species.  Here, we present a computationally tractable method that identifies long-range genetic similarities in a background of spatially heterogeneous isolation-by-distance variation. The method uses a coalescent-based framework, and models long-range genetic similarity in terms of directional events with source fractions describing the fraction of ancestry at a location tracing b...,
The wolf data set (wolvesadmix_corrected) consists of 108 individuals and 17,729 SNPs. For this study, we correct the locations of two individuals based on an analysis of the sample meta data and remove three individuals with ambiguous locations from the original data set of 111 wolves compiled in Schweizer et al 2016 (data available here:https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p8cz8wb18). 
The human data set (c1global1nfd_public) consists of 4,070 individuals and 19,954 SNPs. For this study, we subset to individuals with public sharing permissions from the larger data set of 4,697 individuals in Peter et al 2020. (data available on Zenodo as 'Supplemental information'). 
, , # Data from: Jointly representing long-range genetic similarity and spatially heterogeneous isolation-by-distance

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p8cz8wb18](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p8cz8wb18)

## Description of the data and file structure

All genotype and location information comes from previously published manuscripts with publicly available data.

### Files and variables

Wolves: *wolvesadmix_corrected*
Humans: *c1global1nfd_public* (available as 'Supplemental information' on Zenodo)

#### Files: \*.bed/bim/fam

**Description:** PLINK 1.9 genotype files

#### Files: \*.coord

**Description:** Location information in (longitude, latitude) format in the same row order as the *.fam*

#### Files: \*.outer

**Description:** Files specifying location of outer boundary in (longitude, latitude) format for each data set

#### File: c1global1nfd\_public.indiv\_meta

**Description:** Tabular metadata with space-separated values for each individual with the following columns: [FID, IID, or...,