Drilling, construction, geophysical data, and lithologic log for borehole USGS 151

In 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for Naval Reactors Laboratory Field Office or Naval Reactors Facility (NRF), drilled and constructed borehole USGS 151 (433846112540701) for stratigraphic framework analyses at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) near the NRF, located in southeastern Idaho. Borehole USGS 151 was continuously cored from approximately 48 to 1,070 feet below land surface (BLS) and rotary drilled from approximately 1,070 to 1,720 feet BLS. Core drilling was discontinued after 1,070 feet BLS and changed over to straight rotary drilling due to funding constraints and deadlines. The USGS collected select geophysical data, daily drilling notes, and prepared detailed core descriptions for core collected to 1,070 ft BLS, which are included as part of this data release. The USGS Research Drilling Program (RDP) performed the core drilling operations and well construction between June 4, 2020 to September 21, 2020; additionally, the USGS RDP collected geophysical data, single caliper log, that was collected on August 15, 2020. The USGS INL Project Office collected multiple geophysical logs on September 15, 2020. Select geophysical data include natural gamma, caliper, neutron, and gamma-gamma density logs which were examined synergistically with available core material to identify contacts between basalt flows and location and thickness of sediment layers. Additionally, a gyroscopic deviation survey was performed and analyzed to reflect the projected well bore path. Geophysical data were collected using Century? multi-parameter logging probes and select logs are displayed in well log figures. Geophysical data shown in figure displays include the natural gamma and neutron probe (9055C), caliper probe (9065A), gamma-gamma density probe (0024C), and gyroscopic deviation probe (9095C). With the exception of the caliper log, all geophysical data were collected through drill pipe after reaching total depth. Geophysical log data not represented in figure displays can be obtained by downloading attached LAS files. Drill core was taken to the USGS Lithologic Core Storage Library for storage and permanent archive located at Central Facilities Area on the INL. Drill core was photographed and described using standardized methods (Johnson and others, 2005). These standardized methods make use of commercially available software that include using a procedure developed by the USGS INL Project Office. The standardized method maximizes description and minimizes interpretation.

2020年，美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey, USGS）联合美国能源部（U.S. Department of Energy, DOE）海军反应堆实验室野外办公室（又称海军反应堆设施，Naval Reactors Facility, NRF），为爱达荷州东南部的爱达荷国家实验室（Idaho National Laboratory, INL）靠近NRF的区域开展地层框架分析工作，钻探并建造了USGS 151号钻孔（坐标：433846112540701）。
USGS 151号钻孔在地表以下（below land surface, BLS）约48至1070英尺采用连续取芯钻进，地表以下约1070至1720英尺则采用旋转钻进。由于资金限制与工期要求，取芯钻进在钻至地表以下1070英尺后停止，转为纯旋转钻进。
美国地质调查局针对钻至地表以下1070英尺的岩芯，采集了精选地球物理数据、每日钻探记录，并编制了详细的岩芯描述报告，上述内容均纳入本次数据集发布范围。
美国地质调查局研究钻探项目（USGS Research Drilling Program, RDP）于2020年6月4日至9月21日期间完成了岩芯钻探作业与井身建造；此外，该项目还于2020年8月15日采集了单臂井径测井（single caliper log）数据。美国地质调查局爱达荷国家实验室项目办公室则于2020年9月15日采集了多组地球物理测井数据。
本次发布的精选地球物理数据包括自然伽马测井（natural gamma log）、井径测井（caliper log）、中子测井（neutron log）及伽马-伽马密度测井（gamma-gamma density log），研究人员将上述数据与现有岩芯资料协同分析，以识别玄武岩流层（basalt flows）之间的接触界面，以及沉积层的位置与厚度。此外，还开展了陀螺测斜测量（gyroscopic deviation survey）并进行分析，以反映预测的井眼轨迹（well bore path）。
地球物理数据采用Century多参数测井探头采集，部分测井结果已绘制于测井图中。图中展示的测井数据包括自然伽马与中子探头（9055C）、井径探头（9065A）、伽马-伽马密度探头（0024C）及陀螺测斜探头（9095C）。除井径测井外，所有地球物理数据均在钻至总深度后通过钻杆采集。未在图中展示的测井数据可通过下载附件中的LAS文件获取。
钻探岩芯被运送至位于爱达荷国家实验室中央设施区的美国地质调查局岩芯存储库（USGS Lithologic Core Storage Library）进行存储与永久归档。岩芯拍摄与描述采用标准化方法（Johnson等人，2005），该方法使用商用软件，并采用美国地质调查局爱达荷国家实验室项目办公室开发的流程，旨在最大化描述内容、最小化主观解释。