High temporal resolution hydrometeorological data collected in the tropical Cordillera Blanca, Peru (2004-2020)

This resource provides a comprehensive hydrometeorological dataset collected over the past two decades throughout the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The data recording sites, located in the upper portion of the Rio Santa valley, also known as the Callejon de Huaylas, span an elevation range of 3738 - 4750 m a.s.l. As many historical hydrological stations measuring daily discharge across the region became defunct after their installation in the 1950s, there was a need for new stations to be installed and an opportunity to increase the temporal resolution of the streamflow observations. Through inter-institutional collaboration the hydrometeorological network provided here was deployed with goals to evaluate how progressive glacier mass loss was impacting stream hydrology, and to better understand the local manifestation of climate change over diurnal to seasonal and interannual time scales. The four automatic weather stations supply detailed meteorological observations, and are situated in a variety of mountain landscapes, with one on a high-mountain pass, another next to a glacial lake, and two in glacially carved valleys. Four additional temperature and relative humidity loggers complement the weather stations within the Llanganuco valley by providing these data across an elevation gradient. The six streamflow gauges are located in tributaries to the Rio Santa and collect high temporal resolution runoff data. Combined, the hydrological and meteorological data collected throughout the Cordillera Blanca enable detailed research of atmospheric and hydrological processes in tropical high-mountain terrain.

本数据集为秘鲁布兰卡科迪勒拉山脉（Cordillera Blanca）过去二十年间采集的综合水文气象数据集。数据采集点位位于圣河（Rio Santa）上游河谷，又名卡列洪德瓦伊拉斯（Callejon de Huaylas），海拔跨度为3738至4750米（a.s.l.）。由于该区域诸多建于1950年代的历史水文观测站在建成后便逐渐停运，无法开展日常径流观测，因此亟需布设新的观测站点，并借此提升径流观测的时间分辨率。本数据集所依托的水文气象观测网通过多机构协作建成，旨在评估持续性冰川物质损失对河流水文过程的影响，并深入理解气候变化在日、季至年际时间尺度上的局地表现。4套自动气象站可提供精细的气象观测数据，布设点位涵盖多样的山地景观：1套设于高山隘口，1套毗邻冰川湖，其余2套位于冰川侵蚀河谷中。另有4套温度与相对湿度记录仪设于兰加努科河谷（Llanganuco valley），用于补充气象站的观测数据，覆盖完整的海拔梯度。6套径流监测站设于圣河支流流域，可采集高时间分辨率的径流数据。综上，布兰卡科迪勒拉山脉全域采集的水文与气象数据，可为热带高海拔山地的大气与水文过程研究提供详实支撑。