The impact of multigroup ethnic identity and collective self-esteem on college students' mental health: a structural equation modeling approach

This study examines the relationships between Multigroup Ethnic Identity (MEI), Collective Self-Esteem (CSES), and mental health outcomes in a multicultural context. A sample of 305 Indonesian university students was used to explore how MEI influences CSES dimensions—identity-based self-esteem, group membership esteem, private self-regard, and public self-perception—and indirectly affects mental health, measured by the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). Validated psychometric tools were used for data collection, and structural equation modeling analyzed relationships and mediating effects. Results showed significant positive correlations between MEI and all CSES dimensions. However, only the public dimension of CSES mediated the relationship between MEI and mental health, emphasizing the role of social validation and public image in psychological well-being. While private, membership, and identity dimensions of CSES were positively linked to MEI, they did not mediate mental health outcomes. These findings highlight MEI as a psychological resource that enhances resilience in diverse intergroup settings. Practical implications suggest fostering MEI in educational and professional environments to promote self-esteem and mental well-being. Limitations, such as reliance on cross-sectional data, are noted, with recommendations for future longitudinal and experimental research to deepen understanding. This study contributes to the literature on the positive impact of ethnic identity in multicultural contexts.