Functional independence and factors that influence it in the scope of home care to elderly people

Abstract Introduction To verify the factors associated to functional independence of elderly in home care assistance. Method Analytical description of a cross-sectional study was accomplished through 80 handbooks of elderly people assisted in a Home Care Program. Results The elderly sample was composed of a majority feminine (76,3%), widows (57,5%), advanced age (83,36 ± 7,67) and bed rest (50%). They presented a low punctuation in total FIM (61,08 ± 33,10), motor (41,03 ± 24,38) and cognitive (20,05 ± 10,77), developing a functional dependence. The presence of several disease associated and high consumption of drugs had a significant weak positive correlation with a decrease in the punctuation of cognitive FIM. The presence of skin disease and/or subcutaneous tissue, mental problems and to be rest are issues associated with the decrease in punctuation of total FIM, motor and cognitive. The presence of nervous systems disease was associated with functional decline of total FIM and motor. Conclusions The acknowledgement of factors associated to functional decline (specific classes of disease, high consumption of drugs and kind of locomotion) can lead to a professional assistance of the main problems, before they are installed and come to impair elderly people’s quality of life.

摘要：为验证居家照护老年人群功能独立性的相关影响因素，本研究开展了一项横断面描述性分析研究。方法：本研究纳入某居家照护项目中80份接受服务老年人的照护手册进行分析。结果：研究样本以女性居多（76.3%），丧偶者占比57.5%，平均年龄为83.36±7.67岁，50%的研究对象需卧床休息。研究对象的功能独立性评分整体偏低，其中功能独立性评定量表（Functional Independence Measure, FIM）总分为61.08±33.10，运动维度得分为41.03±24.38，认知维度得分为20.05±10.77，提示存在功能依赖。多种共病及高用药量与认知维度FIM评分降低呈显著弱正相关。皮肤疾病和/或皮下组织病变、精神类疾病以及卧床状态与总FIM、运动维度及认知维度评分降低相关。神经系统疾病与总FIM及运动维度功能下降相关。结论：明确与功能衰退相关的影响因素（特定疾病类别、高用药量及活动方式），可帮助专业照护人员在问题显现并损害老年人群生活质量前，针对性干预主要健康问题。