Urban soil quality is being deteriorated even with low heavy metal levels: An arthropod-based multi-indices approach

Urban-induced habitat conversion drastically changes soil life in a variety of ways. Soil sealing, human disturbance, habitat fragmentation, industrial and vehicular pollution are the main causes of urban soil degradation. Soil arthropods, as the most abundant and diverse group of soil fauna, are involved in many soil processes that are of great importance in maintaining soil health and multifunctionality. Nevertheless, soil quality is still mainly characterized by physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters.
Here, we assessed and compared the biological soil quality in woody (REF: reference forest, REM: remnant forest) and non-woody (TURF: public turfgrass, and RUD: ruderal habitat) types of urban green spaces along a disturbance and management intensity gradient in the Budapest metropolitan area (Hungary), using community metrics and soil arthropod-based indicators. Vegetation cover and landscape characteristics of study sites were quantified through vegetation and urbanization..., ,

城市驱动的生境转化以多种方式显著改变土壤生物群落。土壤封闭、人为干扰、生境破碎化、工业与机动车污染是城市土壤退化的主要驱动因素。土壤节肢动物（soil arthropods）作为土壤动物群中丰度最高、多样性最丰富的类群，参与诸多对维持土壤健康与多功能性至关重要的土壤过程。然而当前土壤质量的表征仍主要依赖物理、化学及微生物学参数。
本研究以匈牙利布达佩斯大都市区为研究区域，选取沿干扰与管理强度梯度分布的城市绿地，对其生物土壤质量开展评估与比较：其中木本型绿地包含REF：参照林（reference forest）、REM：残留林（remnant forest），非木本型绿地包含TURF：公共草坪（public turfgrass）、RUD：杂草生境（ruderal habitat），研究采用群落指标与基于土壤节肢动物的指示参数进行分析。研究样地的植被覆盖度与景观特征通过植被及城市化相关指标进行量化……