Land use and cover changes and sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) assemblages in an emerging focus of leishmaniasis

The dataset documents the relationship between changes in land use and occupation and the diversity and abundance of phlebotomines, the vectors of leishmaniasis, in a rural area of the municipality of Codó, Maranhão. It integrates spatial and entomological information collected between 2012 and 2023, providing a comprehensive basis for environmental, epidemiological and vector management analyses. The land use and occupation data was obtained from Sentinel-2 satellite images, processed in QGIS software (version 3.10) and classified using the Orfeo Toolbox Processing (OTB) tool. The images represent the years 2012, 2014, 2021 and 2023 and include variables such as the density and fragmentation of vegetation cover, as well as the expansion of built-up areas. This information was made available in geospatial formats, such as Geotiff and shapefiles, allowing detailed analysis of temporal changes in the landscape. Entomological data was collected bimonthly between August 2022 and June 2023. ..., Study area
This study was conducted in the Santana IV rural settlement, Codó (04°27′12.8″S 43°53′01.7″W), Eastern Mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil (Figure 1). The municipality has an area of 4364.5 km2 and an estimated population of 114,275 people, with a population density of 26.20 people/km2 (IBGE, 2022). Vegetation cover varies according to relief characteristics, proximity to watercourses, and the extent of anthropic transformations. The predominant vegetation type is open forest/babassu forest, occupying the entire valley of the Itapecuru River. The main tree species are babassu palm (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) and carnauba [Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H.E.Moore]. Another common type of vegetation cover is campo cerrado, found mainly in the east, northwest, and southwest parts of the municipality (Correia Filho et al., 2011a).
The climate is semi-humid, transitioning to semi-arid with precipitation. According to the Köppen classification, the climate is of the Aw..., , # Land use and cover changes and sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) assemblages in an emerging focus of leishmaniasis

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jwstqjqm5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jwstqjqm5)

## Description of the data and file structure

**README: Sand fly survey data and statistical analysis**

We sent the table with the data from the phlebotomine species survey (**Sand_fly_survey_results_table.zip**), the data used in the statistical analyses (**raw_data_analyzes_statistics.zip**), data used to generate graphs (**Dados_para_gráficos.xlsx**) and a summary of the data generated from the statistical analyses (**summary_phlebotomine_results_statistical_analysis.zip**).

Descriptions

**Sand_fly_survey_results_table.zip**

* Species: currently accepted scientific names of sand fly species;
* ♂: Male gender symbol;
* ♀: Female gender symbol;
* N: Number of specimens;
* Capture method: Capture methods used to obtain phlebotomine species;

**raw_data_analyzes_statist...