Joule II Project Paper: The Joule II project the underground disposal of carbon dioxide

In January 1993, as part of the Joule II Non-nuclear Energy Research Programme, the European Commission initiated a two year study of the potential for the disposal of industrial quantifies of carbon dioxide underground, with a view to reducing emissions to the atmosphere. The participants in the study were the British Geological Survey (UK), TNO Institute of Applied Geoscience (The Netherlands), BRGM (France), CRE Group Ltd (UK), IKU Petroleum Research (Norway), RWE AG (Germany), University of Sunderland Renewable Energy Centre (UK) and Statoil (Norway). The objective of the study was to examine whether carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources such as power stations, could be disposed of safely, economically and with no adverse effects on man and the environment. doi:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00308-8. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/01968904950030881993年1月，作为焦耳二世非核能研究计划（Joule II Non-nuclear Energy Research Programme）的子项目，欧盟委员会（European Commission）启动了一项为期两年的研究，旨在评估将工业量级二氧化碳封存于地下的可行性，以降低向大气的碳排放。该研究的参与单位包括：英国地质调查局（British Geological Survey，英国）、荷兰应用地球科学研究所（TNO Institute of Applied Geoscience，荷兰）、法国地质矿业研究局（BRGM，法国）、CRE集团有限公司（CRE Group Ltd，英国）、挪威IKU石油研究所（IKU Petroleum Research，挪威）、德国RWE股份公司（RWE AG，德国）、桑德兰大学可再生能源中心（University of Sunderland Renewable Energy Centre，英国）以及挪威国家石油公司（Statoil，挪威）。本研究的核心目标是验证：诸如发电厂等大型点源所产生的二氧化碳排放，是否可实现安全、经济的地下封存，且不会对人类与环境产生任何不利影响。DOI:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00308-8，http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0196890495003088