Foliar analyses LWF
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Foliage has been sampled every two years since 1995/1997 on 5-6 trees of the main species on all LWF plots. Concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S), carbon (C) and micronutrients are determined on leaves and current and previous year needles. The dry mass of 100 leaves or 1000 needles is determined as well. Purpose: To assess the nutrient status of the forest stands and detect possible deficiencies or imbalances, which are often indicative of processes at the ecosystem level. Manual Citation: * Brang, P., Hug, C., Thimonier, A., Zehnder, U., 1997. Kapitel D1.5 Nährstoffversorgung von Nadeln und Blättern, in: Brang, P. (Ed.), Aufnahmeanleitungen aller Forschungsprojekte auf Flächen der Langfristigen Waldökosystem-Forschung (LWF). Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, pp. 1-12. * Rautio P, Fürst A, Stefan K, Raitio H, Bartels U, 2016: Part XII: Sampling and Analysis of Needles and Leaves. In: UNECE ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre (ed.): Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Eberswalde, Germany, 19 p. + Annex [http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual](http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual) Paper Citation: * Thimonier A, Graf Pannatier E, Schmitt M, Waldner P, Walthert L, Schleppi P, Dobbertin M, Kräuchi N (2010) Does exceeding the critical loads for nitrogen alter nitrate leaching, the nutrient status of trees and their crown condition at Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) sites?. European Journal of Forest Research, 129 (3): 443-461. [doi: 10.1007/s10342-009-0328-9](http://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-009-0328-9)
自1995/1997年起，研究团队每两年对所有长期森林生态系统研究(Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research, LWF)样地内各主要树种的5-6株个体采集枝叶样品。针对采集的叶片以及当年生和前一年生针叶，测定其大量营养元素（N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S）、碳（C）及微量营养元素的含量；同时还测定了100片叶片或1000枚针叶的干重。 研究目的： 评估林分的营养状况，识别潜在的营养元素缺乏或比例失衡问题，此类问题通常可反映生态系统层面的生态过程。 手册类参考文献： * Brang P, Hug C, Thimonier A, Zehnder U, 1997. 第D1.5章：针叶与叶片的营养状态测定，载于：Brang P 主编. 长期森林生态系统研究(LWF)样地所有研究项目的调查指南. 瑞士联邦森林研究所WSL，比尔门斯多夫，第1-12页。 * Rautio P, Fürst A, Stefan K, Raitio H, Bartels U, 2016. 第十二部分：针叶与叶片的采样与分析方法，载于：联合国欧洲经济委员会ICP森林项目协调中心(UNECE ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre) 编. 空气污染对森林影响的标准化采样、评估、监测与分析方法及标准手册. 德国埃伯斯瓦尔德图能森林生态系统研究所，共19页 + 附录 [http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual](http://icp-forests.net/page/icp-forests-manual) 学术论文参考文献： * Thimonier A, Graf Pannatier E, Schmitt M, Waldner P, Walthert L, Schleppi P, Dobbertin M, Kräuchi N (2010) 氮临界负荷超标是否会改变瑞士长期森林生态系统研究(LWF)样地的硝酸盐淋溶、树木营养状况及其冠层健康状况？. 欧洲森林研究杂志，129(3): 443-461. [doi:10.1007/s10342-009-0328-9](http://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-009-0328-9)
