EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PANORAMA OF ORTHOPEDIC SPINE PATHOLOGY IN MEXICO

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the epidemiology of orthopedic spine pathology in a national reference hospital in Mexico. Methods: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study, using the database and hospitalization census of the orthopedic spine service from January 2009 to December 2016. The data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22 measuring the central frequency and percentages. The demographic variables age and sex, and those related to the diagnosis, type of pathology, affected segment and degrees of affection were obtained. The sampling technique was non-probabilistic sampling by convenience of consecutive cases. Results: We analyzed 7,771 cases: 50.34% males, with a mean age of 53.51 years. The prevalence of the most frequent diseases in hospitalized patients was stenosis of the lumbar canal with 25.85% (1,834 patients), followed by lumbar disc herniation (23.12%), spondylolisthesis (22.63%), cervical spondylotic myelopathy (8.76%), lumbar pain and lumbosciatalgia (4.10%), cervical disc herniation (3.96%), primary infection (3.80%), loosening of material (3.16%), spinal tumors (2.53%) and cervical instability (2.04%). Conclusions: This is the largest series of cases of spinal pathology treated in a hospital in Latin America. The most frequent condition was the stenosis of the lumbar canal, the most affected segment was the lumbar, and the most affected age group was 51 to 60 years. The estimate is an increase in the incidence of spinal diseases, so it is necessary to identify the risk factors and the behavior of each disease for its prevention. Level of Evidence IV; Retrospective, observational and descriptive study.摘要 研究目的：明确墨西哥某国家级转诊医院的脊柱骨科疾病流行病学特征。 研究方法：本研究为回顾性观察性横断面研究，采用2009年1月至2016年12月期间脊柱骨科科室的数据库与住院患者普查数据。数据分析采用SPSS 22.0版本，计算集中趋势指标与百分比。收集的人口统计学变量包括年龄、性别，以及与诊断、疾病类型、受累节段及病变程度相关的指标。抽样方法为连续性病例的便利非概率抽样。 研究结果：共分析7771例病例，其中男性占50.34%，平均年龄为53.51岁。住院患者中最常见疾病的患病率依次为：腰椎管狭窄症（25.85%，1834例）、腰椎间盘突出症（23.12%）、腰椎滑脱症（22.63%）、颈椎病性脊髓病（8.76%）、腰痛及腰腿痛（4.10%）、颈椎间盘突出症（3.96%）、原发性感染（3.80%）、内置物松动（3.16%）、脊柱肿瘤（2.53%）及颈椎不稳（2.04%）。 研究结论：本研究为拉丁美洲某医院收治脊柱疾病病例规模最大的病例系列。最常见的疾病为腰椎管狭窄症，最常受累的节段为腰椎，高发年龄组为51~60岁。预估脊柱疾病的发病率呈上升趋势，因此需明确各类疾病的危险因素与发病特征，以便开展预防工作。 证据等级：IV级；本研究为回顾性观察性描述性研究。