Data for "Transient climate impacts for scenarios of aerosol emissions from Asia: a story of coal versus gas"

<b>Introduction</b>These files contain output data from CESM-CAM5 climate model simulations. The simulations are described in <i>"Transient climate impacts for scenarios of aerosol emissions from Asia: a story of coal versus gas"</i> by Benjamin S. Grandey, Haiwen Cheng, and Chien Wang (2016), Journal of Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0555.1. Please refer to the manuscript for details.<br><b>File size warning</b>These files are relatively large, with a total combined size of 2.5GB.<br><b>NetCDF file format</b>All files have been compressed using gzip. After unzipping, all files will end with ".nc", the extension for NetCDF format, a binary data format commonly used for climate model output data. These NetCDF files contain metadata which aid interpretation of the data. The metadata and data can be explored using the free Panoply software tool (http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply/ [25-Jan-2016]).<br><b>File list</b>The eight files contain a subset of the output data from the CESM-CAM5 simulations described in the manuscript mentioned above:- <i>R45_*.nc.gz</i> - output data for transient scenario RCP4.5, for three different initial conditions (<i>f1</i>, <i>h1</i>, <i>h2</i>).- <i>A2x_*.nc.gz</i> - output data for transient scenario A2x.- <i>pR45.nc.gz</i> - output data for prescribed-SST simulation pRCP4.5.- <i>pA2x.nc.gz</i> - output data for prescribed-SST simulation pA2x.<br><b>Variable list</b>All eight output data files contain the following data:<i>- AEROD_v</i> - aerosol optical depth.<i>- OMEGA500</i> - vertical velocity at 500hPa.<i>- PRECT</i> - total precipitation rate.- <i>TS</i> - surface temperature.- <i>U10</i> - windspeed at 10m.- <i>U925</i> - zonal wind at 925hPa.- V<i>925</i> - meridional wind at 925hPa.<br>The six output files for the two transient scenarios also contain the following variable:<i>- cIceF</i> - sea-ice fraction.<br>The two prescribed-SST simulation output data files also contain radiative fluxes for diagnosis of radiative flux perturbations (RFPs). If pA2x-pRCP4.5 differences are calculated, these flux variables correspond to the following RFP differences:- <i>cFNTOA</i> - total net RFP difference.- <i>FSNTOA</i> - total shortwave RFP difference.- <i>cDRE</i> - direct effect shortwave RFP difference.- <i>FSNTOAC_d1</i> - surface albedo shortwave RFP difference.- <i>SWCF_d1</i> - cloud shortwave RFP difference.- <i>LWCF_d1</i> - cloud longwave RFP difference.<br><b>Acknowledgments</b>This research was supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore through the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology's Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling interdisciplinary research program. Haiwen Cheng was supported through a Singapore-MIT Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SMURF). This research was also supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (AGS-0944121), U.S. DOE (DE-FG02-94ER61937), U.S. EPA (XA-83600001-1), and the A*STAR Computational Resource Centre of Singapore (http://www.acrc.a-star.edu.sg) through the use of its high performance computing facilities. The authors thank Phil Rasch, Balwinder Singh, and Jin-Ho Yoon who provided initial conditions data and provided advice on the RCP4.5 model configuration.<br><b>Primary reference</b>Grandey, B. S., H. Cheng and C. Wang (2016), <i>Transient climate impacts for scenarios of aerosol emissions from Asia: a story of coal versus gas</i>, Journal of Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0555.1

<b>引言</b><br>本数据集包含CESM-CAM5气候模式模拟的输出数据。相关模拟研究详见Benjamin S. Grandey、Haiwen Cheng与Chien Wang于2016年发表于《Journal of Climate》（气候杂志）的论文<i>《亚洲气溶胶排放情景下的瞬态气候影响：煤炭与天然气的故事》</i>，DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0555.1。详细信息请参阅该研究手稿。<br><br><b>文件大小提示</b><br>本数据集所有文件总容量较大，合计约2.5GB。<br><br><b>NetCDF文件格式</b><br>所有文件均采用gzip压缩。解压后文件后缀为`.nc`，即网络通用数据格式（Network Common Data Form，NetCDF），这是一种常用于气候模式输出数据的二进制数据格式。此类NetCDF文件包含辅助数据解译的元数据，可通过免费的Panoply软件工具（http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply/ [2016年1月25日]）浏览元数据与数据内容。<br><br><b>文件列表</b><br>本数据集共包含8个文件，对应上述论文中提及的CESM-CAM5模拟输出数据的子集：<br>- <i>R45_*.nc.gz</i>：典型浓度路径4.5（Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5，RCP4.5）情景下的瞬态模拟输出数据，包含3组不同初始条件（<i>f1</i>、<i>h1</i>、<i>h2</i>）。<br>- <i>A2x_*.nc.gz</i>：A2x情景下的瞬态模拟输出数据。<br>- <i>pR45.nc.gz</i>：指定海表温度（prescribed-SST）情景pRCP4.5的模拟输出数据。<br>- <i>pA2x.nc.gz</i>：指定海表温度情景pA2x的模拟输出数据。<br><br><b>变量列表</b><br>8个输出数据文件均包含以下变量：<br><i>- AEROD_v</i>：气溶胶光学厚度。<br><i>- OMEGA500</i>：500hPa高度处的垂直速度。<br><i>- PRECT</i>：总降水率。<br><i>- TS</i>：地表温度。<br><i>- U10</i>：10米高度处的风速。<br><i>- U925</i>：925hPa高度处的纬向风。<br><i>- V925</i>：925hPa高度处的经向风。<br><br>针对两个瞬态情景的6个输出文件，还额外包含以下变量：<br><i>- cIceF</i>：海冰覆盖率。<br><br>两个指定海表温度情景的模拟输出文件，还包含用于诊断辐射强迫扰动（Radiative Flux Perturbations, RFPs）的辐射通量数据。若计算pA2x与pRCP4.5的差值，这些通量变量对应如下辐射强迫扰动差值：<br><i>- cFNTOA</i>：总净辐射强迫扰动差值。<br><i>- FSNTOA</i>：总短波辐射强迫扰动差值。<br><i>- cDRE</i>：直接效应短波辐射强迫扰动差值。<br><i>- FSNTOAC_d1</i>：地表反照率短波辐射强迫扰动差值。<br><i>- SWCF_d1</i>：云短波辐射强迫扰动差值。<br><i>- LWCF_d1</i>：云长波辐射强迫扰动差值。<br><br><b>致谢</b><br>本研究得到新加坡国家研究基金会通过新加坡-麻省理工学院研究与技术联盟的环境传感与建模跨学科研究项目资助。Haiwen Cheng获得新加坡-麻省理工学院本科生研究奖学金（Singapore-MIT Undergraduate Research Fellowship，SMURF）支持。本研究同时得到美国国家科学基金会（AGS-0944121）、美国能源部（DE-FG02-94ER61937）、美国环境保护署（XA-83600001-1），以及新加坡A*STAR计算资源中心（http://www.acrc.a-star.edu.sg）提供的高性能计算设施支持。作者感谢Phil Rasch、Balwinder Singh与Jin-Ho Yoon，他们为本研究提供了初始条件数据，并就RCP4.5模式配置提供了技术建议。<br><br><b>主要参考文献</b><br>Grandey, B. S., H. Cheng and C. Wang (2016), <i>Transient climate impacts for scenarios of aerosol emissions from Asia: a story of coal versus gas</i>, *Journal of Climate*, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0555.1