Socio-environmental Health in primary care: knowledge, training and practice

ABSTRACT Human exposure to harmful chemical substances and compounds is a global reality that makes health promotion increasingly necessary for the people and communities exposed in their area. Considering that socio-environmental health observes the movement of pollutants at the environment-health-society interface, an attempt was made to analyze the knowledge, training, and practice of primary care teams in relation to socio-environmental health, focusing on the reduction of diseases due to exposure and poisoning by these substances. A Likert-type scale without a central point was used, validated by a group of 11 specialists and 3 primary care professionals. Minimal dispersion was ensured by the application of the survey and the calculation of Pearson’s linear correction coefficient and reliability was assessed by the Spearman-Brown’s reliability coefficient, using the split-half method. The survey showed that the knowledge dimension was generally classified as in a safe situation, the training dimension as in a danger situation, and the practical dimension as in an alert situation. Training was the only dimension that required immediate change in the overall results. Although the knowledge and professional practice dimensions were in a situation of maintenance and improvement, respectively, they are not acquired in formal educational institutions.

摘要：人类暴露于有害化学物质与化合物是全球性现实，这使得所在区域面临此类暴露的人群与社区的健康促进工作必要性日益凸显。鉴于社会环境健康（socio-environmental health）聚焦于污染物在环境-健康-社会三者界面间的迁移规律，本研究旨在分析基层医疗团队在社会环境健康领域的认知、培训与实践情况，重点关注此类物质暴露与中毒引发的疾病防控。本研究采用无中心点李克特量表（Likert-type scale），并由11名专家与3名基层医疗专业人员对该量表进行效度检验。通过开展问卷调查与计算皮尔逊线性校正系数确保离散程度最小化，并采用分半法结合斯皮尔曼-布朗信度系数评估问卷信度。调研结果显示，认知维度总体处于安全状态，培训维度处于危险状态，实践维度处于预警状态。培训维度是整体结果中唯一需要即刻改进的维度。尽管认知维度与专业实践维度分别处于维持与提升状态，但二者均未通过正规教育机构习得。