Mixed-effects logistic regression model without interactions.

Fixed effects: age category (mother, pup), tissue (brain, muscle, oocyte pool, single oocyte [combined across all oocytes measured for a mouse]), mtDNA compartment (D-loop, non–D-loop), mutation type (transversion, A>G and T>C transitions, C>T and G>A transitions). Baseline for fixed effects: age category, mother; tissue, brain; mtDNA compartment, D-loop; mutations type, transversion. Random effects: mouse ID (multiple observations are related to the same individual, 36 individuals in total). Response: mutation frequency, with weights given by the number of nucleotides corresponding to each observation. Marginal psuedo-R2 (represents the variance explained by the fixed effects): 22.82%. Conditional pseudo-R2 (represents the variance explained by both fixed and random effects): 23.53%. Odds ratio: odds of having a mutation for the corresponding category divided by the odds of having a mutation for the baseline category (odds is defined as the probability of a nucleotide to be mutated, divided by the probability of not being mutated). ID, identifier; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA. (XLSX)