Raw dataset for “Avatar-Mediated Learning in the Metaverse for Sign Language Education”

This dataset contains raw data comparing traditional face-to-face instruction and metaverse-based avatar-mediated learning for sign language education.

File structure
Page 1: Learning Motivation (21 questionnaire items)
Page 2: Learning Outcomes (6 performance tests + total score)

Key variable
Learning_Approach: 0 = Traditional, 1 = Metaverse

Demographics
Gender (Male/Female)
Age group (12–15, 16–18, 19–24)
Education level (Secondary, University)

Learning Outcome Measures
WMT: Word Memory Test
SPA: Sign Position Accuracy Test
ET: Expressive Test
RT: Receptive Test
IT: Interaction Test
GT: Grammar Test
Total_Mark: Sum of all above tests

Motivation Questionnaire Scores
(Self-Determination Theory + Expectancy-Value Theory)
Autonomy (A1–A4)
Relatedness (R1–R4)
Competence (Cm1–Cm3)
Value (V1–V3)
Cost (C1–C3)
Learning Motivation (LM1–LM4)

Questionnaire:
Autonomy (4 items)
1. During the class, I feel interest about the sign language learning and enjoy it.
2. During the class, I feel challenging about the sign language learning.
3. Under this learning environment, my curiosity to the sign language learning increased.
4. Learning sign language will be beneficial for my future goals or career.
Relatedness (4 items)
5. Under this learning environment, you feel connected to your classmates.
6. Under this learning environment, you feel support by your classmates while learning.
7. Under this learning environment, you feel connected to your tutor.
8. Under this learning environment, you feel support by your teacher while learning.
Competence (3 items)
9. Under this learning environment, I am able to learn sign language class.
10. Under this learning environment, If I try hard enough, then I will understand the sign language class.
11. Before the lesson, I'm confident I can understand the most complex sign language.
Value (3 items)
12. Under this learning environment, I think it is important for me to learn sign language.
13. I think the sign language course is useful for me to learn.
14. Learning sign language will be beneficial for my future goals or career.
Cost (3 items)
15. When I take a test I think about how poorly I am doing compared with other students.
16. When I take a test I think about items on other parts of the test I can't answer.
17. I often worry that the time I spend learning sign language could be used for other important tasks.
Learning Motivation (4 items)
18. Under this learning environment, I feel excited to learn sign language.
19. Under this learning environment, I have high expectation to learning new things in the class.
20. I anticipated fruitful learning experience in the sign language class.
21. I am optimistic about having great experience in learning sign language.