THE DISCURSIVE FUNCTIONING OF CAMPAIGNS ON VIOLENCE IN BIRTH: TESTIMONY, VIOLENCE AND SILENCE

Abstract This article reflects on the forms of signifying obstetric violence nowadays, by analysing excerpts from two campaigns fighting this type of violence: #partocomrespeito, produced by and disseminated in the Brazilian weekly magazine Época, and Voces contra la violencia obstétrica, circulated by the Argentine association, Las Casildas. Based on the theoretical precepts of Discourse Analysis developed by Michel Pêcheux and his group, the campaigns in their forms of elaboration and circulation are problematized as producers of different meanings for violence. Woven into the relation among words, images and sounds, they are meanings which are formulated by the interplay between the visible and the invisible. In the excerpts, the embedding of the image and testimony constitutes a discourse about obstetric violence, included in the movement between the speakable and unspeakable of the trauma, between the injunction to say everything and silence in its different versions, as theorized by Orlandi.

摘要 本文反思当代产科暴力的表征形式，通过分析两场抵制此类暴力的宣传活动的节选内容：其一为由巴西周刊《Época》制作并在该刊推广的话题标签#partocomrespeito，其二为阿根廷协会Las Casildas发起传播的《Voces contra la violencia obstétrica》。基于米歇尔·佩谢（Michel Pêcheux）及其团队构建的话语分析理论范式，本文将两场宣传活动从其建构与传播形式出发，将其作为为暴力赋予多元意义的主体进行问题化审视。这类宣传活动交织于文字、图像与声音的关联网络之中，其所承载的意义由可见与不可见的交互作用所生成。在节选内容中，图像与证言的嵌入构成了关于产科暴力的话语，该话语内嵌于创伤的可言说与不可言说的动态张力中，正如奥兰迪（Orlandi）的理论所述，即介于"言说一切"的指令与各类形式的缄默之间。