Suppl.Data3_Samples.txt from Consortia of anti-nematode fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean plants attacked by root-knot nematodes

Cyst and root-knot nematodes are major risk factors of agroecosystem management, often causing devastating impacts on crop production. The use of microbes that parasitize or prey on nematodes has been considered as a promising approach for suppressing phytopathogenic nematode populations. However, effects and persistence of those biological control agents often vary substantially depending on regions, soil characteristics and agricultural practices: more insights into microbial community processes are required to develop reproducible control of nematode populations. By performing high-throughput sequencing profiling of bacteria and fungi, we examined how root and soil microbiomes differ between benign and nematode-infected plant individuals in a soybean field in Japan. Results indicated that various taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi occurred preferentially on the soybean individuals infected by root-knot nematodes or those uninfected by nematodes. Based on a network analysis of potential microbe–microbe associations, we further found that several fungal taxa potentially preying on nematodes (<i>Dactylellina</i> (Orbiliales), <i>Rhizophydium</i> (Rhizophydiales), <i>Clonostachys</i> (Hypocreales), <i>Pochonia</i> (Hypocreales) and <i>Purpureocillium</i> (Hypocreales)) co-occurred in the soybean rhizosphere at a small spatial scale. This study suggests how ‘consortia’ of anti-nematode microbes can derive from indigenous (resident) microbiomes, providing basic information for managing anti-nematode microbial communities in agroecosystems.

胞囊线虫（Cyst nematode）与根结线虫（root-knot nematode）是农业生态系统管理中的主要风险因子，常对作物生产造成毁灭性影响。利用寄生或捕食线虫的微生物来抑制植物病原线虫（phytopathogenic nematode）种群，被视为极具前景的防治手段。然而，此类生防制剂（biological control agents）的防治效果与持效性常因区域、土壤特性及农事操作的不同而出现显著差异：若要构建可复制的线虫种群防治方案，需对微生物群落过程开展更深入的研究。本研究通过对细菌与真菌进行高通量测序（high-throughput sequencing）分析，探究了日本某大豆田内健康植株与线虫侵染植株的根际及土壤微生物组（microbiome）之间的差异。研究结果显示，多个分类类群的细菌与真菌会优先定植于被根结线虫侵染的大豆植株，或是未受线虫侵染的大豆植株。基于潜在微生物间关联的网络分析，本研究进一步发现，数种潜在捕食线虫的真菌类群（<i>Dactylellina</i>（捕虫霉目Orbiliales）、<i>Rhizophydium</i>（根生壶菌目Rhizophydiales）、<i>Clonostachys</i>（肉座菌目Hypocreales）、<i>Pochonia</i>（肉座菌目Hypocreales）及<i>Purpureocillium</i>（肉座菌目Hypocreales））在小空间尺度下的大豆根际土壤中共存。本研究揭示了抗线虫微生物“联合体”如何从土著（常驻）微生物组中衍生而来，为农业生态系统内抗线虫微生物群落的管理提供了基础理论依据。